Definition Essay (Definition of Good Student)

What Defies Us All throughout your life you here how important it is to study hard, stay out of trouble, and to stay focused, but there is a lot more when it comes to being a good student and when the definition of good is â€Å"of a favorable character or tendency† and the definition of student is â€Å"one who attends school,† you’re going to have a wide variety of definitions for what a â€Å"good student† really is. Also, is a good student the kid that sits in the front, pays attention and works hard, but still struggles to keep a C plus average?Or is it the kid in the back texting away and still gets just as good grades if not better? Considering the perplexity of the subject it can be both and I believe it entails a deeper meaning than how intelligent you are in school. First of all, being a good student has nothing to do with how smart you are initially. There are a wide variety of personalities in today’s society which effects the way we lea rn and we find ourselves having different points of views on just about everything.Not only is that a huge factor in the way we behave towards our homework, but it also affects us in the classroom. No teacher can successfully teach a group of students to their full ability because of the fact that there are so many different ways in which people learn best. Sometimes people might have completely opposite feelings toward the teacher and or the subject. Either way people are more inclined to do better in something that interests them. Another thing I believe we can agree on is the wide variety of mental disabilities that are more and more common in today’s society. From A. D.D to Down syndrome there is an effect on your brain, but the way I look at is that someone with a severe case of autism can be a better student than someone with no mental disability. A lot of people with disabilities have to battle everyday to learn something that comes easy to most people and therefore so me people would look at them as not being a good student for their intelligence, but the way some of them excel in certain areas makes me believe differently. In my eyes that makes my lazy procrastination seem almost sinful to someone with a learning disability, even though just about everyone is guilty of procrastinating a time or two.Another quality that plays a part in defining a well-founded pupil is how much drive he or she has to complete the task at hand. No matter what you’re doing you have to remember that there is more than one way to do anything and there is a trick to even the simplest of things. It doesn’t matter if you’re digging ditches or dissecting a frog, if you pay attention and apply yourself you can learn the top secret tricks of your trade by learning how not to do it. Like when Thomas Edison mastered the light bulb he first had to find out about the thousands of filaments that didn’t work before he found the ones that did.Another th ing that makes being a â€Å"good student† so complex is when someone hears the word student they usually think of someone in a school type setting. In reality a student can be anything from a young baseball player to someone aspiring to be a famous artist to an engineer. Either way you are learning something and to learn anything well you have to be a good student. Like to go pro in baseball or any other sport you have to kick your own ass everyday to be better than the next guy and a great artist or musician has to dedicate majority of their time to master the instruments of their art.Now we all know that it’s not too much fun with your nose buried in the books all of the time, so therefore some of us tends to do some partying to meditate. A lot of the time I think it is defiantly good to party down every once and a while and have a good time, just nothing too crazy. I believe it tends to keep us sane and a little less stressed while also giving us a break from that dreaded homework. Remember, I didn’t say anything about a perfect student, so that’s another sweet reason about being a good student.Also a levelheaded scholar can be wild and courageous sometimes and it doesn’t have to be a party that he or she seeks refuge from the school work that is piling up by the second. They can go for a walk or go skydiving, but no matter what you do I believe it’s good to escape the seemingly never ending book work every once in a while, as long as you continue to be safe and stay out of trouble. It also doesn’t matter where you are, there are millions of opportunities that await us every day and being a good student doesn’t only effect how we perform in the class room.Like if you start good study ad work habits, than things will tend to be easier for you in the long run. It can help us in wanting to utilize every opportunity that could be beneficial to us, no matter if it’s hard or nerve racking. Opportunit y happens in the blink of an eye and if you don’t mentally prepare yourself to try your best no matter what the situation, than you can miss out on a lot of life changing experiences. So whether you are a genius or disabled you should tend to challenge yourself to gain a larger amount of self-respect and the respect of others which can earn you the title of a good person let alone a good student.Overall the thought of being a good student isn’t always how well you do in school and it doesn’t mean you have to be the best, but you do have to apply yourself at least enough to life so that you learn something new every day. Even though a good student has a complex meaning I believe that it can be summed up as, â€Å"anyone who tries hard to learn something new every day for the sake of learning and brightening their outlook on life. †

Chapter 2 Quiz + Answers Essay

1. When companies adopt the strategy-making and strategy execution process it requires they start by developing a strategic vision, mission and values 2. The strategic management process is shaped by external factors such as the industry’s economic and competitive conditions and internal factors such as the company’s collection of resources and capabilities 3. When a company is confronted with significant industry change that mandates radical revision of its strategic course, the company is said to have encountered a strategic inflection point 4. A company’s strategic plan consists of a vision of where it is headed, a set of performance targets, and a strategy to achieve them 5. Top management’s views about where the company is headed and what its future product-customer-market-technology will be constitutes the strategic vision for the company 6. Well-conceived visions are distinctive specific to a particular organization free of generic, feel-good statements not innocuous one-sentence statements All of these 7. Effectively communicating the strategic vision down the line to lower-level managers and employees has the value of  not only explaining â€Å"where we are going and why† but, more importantly, also inspiring and energizing company personnel to unite to get the company moving in the intended direction 8. A company’s mission statement typically addresses which of the following questions Who we are, what we do, and why we are here 9. A company’s values relate to such things as  fair treatment, integrity, ethical behavior, innovativeness, teamwork, top-notch quality, superior customer service, social responsibility, and community citizenship 10. The managerial purpose of setting objectives includes  converting the strategic vision into specific performance targets  using the objectives as yardsticks for tracking the company’s progress and performance  challenging the organization to perform at its full potential and deliver the best possible results  establishing deadlines for achieving performance results 11. A company needs financial objectives  because without adequate profitability and financial strength, the company’s ultimate survival is jeopardized 12. Strategic objectives  relate to strengthening a company’s overall market standing and competitive vitality 13. A balanced scorecard for measuring company performance entails striking a balance between financial objectives and strategic objectives 14. A balanced scorecard that includes both strategic and financial performance targets is a conceptually strong approach for judging a company’s overall performance because financial performance measures are lagging indicators that reflect the results of past decisions and organizational activities whereas strategic performance measures are leading indicators of a company’s future financial performance 15. A company needs performance targets or objectives for its operations as a whole and also for each of its separate businesses, product lines, functional departments, and individual work units 16. Business strategy concerns ensuring consistency in strategic approach among the businesses of a diversified company 17. In a single-business company, the strategy-making hierarchy consists of business strategy, functional strategies, and operating strategies 18. Functional strategies concern the actions, approaches, and practices related to particular functions or processes within a business 19. Operating strategies concern the relatively narrow strategic initiatives and approaches for managing key operating units within a business and for performing strategically significant operating tasks 20. Management is obligated to monitor new external developments, evaluate the company’s progress, and make corrective adjustments in order to decide whether to continue or change the company’s strategic vision, objectives, strategy and/or strategy execution methods

Enzyme Case Study Essay

Procedures for Part A: For Activity A, we first tested enzyme activity. First, we used an H2O2 syringe to transfer 10 mL of H2O2 into an unlabeled 60-mL cup. Then, we used a transfer pipet to add one mL of catalase solution into the unlabeled 60-mL cup that we put H2O2 in. After that, we observed the solution for one minute. Then we tested the effect of boiling on enzyme activity. First we used a transfer pipet to transfer 4 mL of catalase into a test tube. After that, we placed the test tube filled with catalase in a boiling water bath for five minutes. While we were waiting, we rinsed the unlabeled cup we used earlier when we tested enzyme activity. Then we used a H2O2 syringe to transfer 10 mL of H2O2 into the rinsed unlabeled cup. After five minutes, we transferred 1 mL of the boiling catalase into the unlabeled cup with H2O2 in it with an unused transfer pipet and observed the results. After testing the effect of boiling on enzyme activity, we tested for catalase in living tissue. First, we rinsed the unlabeled 60 mL cup we used earlier. Then, we used a scalpel to cut a small piece of liver. After that, we macerated the piece of liver with a glass rod. When the liver was macerated enough, we put it in a cup with 10 mL of H2O2, which was transferred into the cup with a H2O2 syringe. Lastly, we observed the cup. Procedures for Part B: First, we used a clean syringe labeled H2O2 and filled it with H202. Then, we transferred the contents of the syringe into a 60 mL cup labeled Baseline. Second, we used the plastic transfer pipet to add 1 mL of distilled water and added it to the Baseline cup. Third, we used the syringe labeled H2O2 to add 10 mL of H2O2 and transfer that into the Baseline cup. Fourth, we gently swirled the contents of the Baseline cup to mix the solution. Then, we used the syringe labeled Transfer and removed 5 mL of the solution in the Baseline cup into the cup labeled Titration. Lastly, we titrated the 5 mL sample of the Baseline solution. To titrate the solution, we filled the titration syringe with 10 mL of KMnO4. Then, we added one drop of KMnO4 into the titration cup while gently swirling the contents of the cup until the purple color disappears. We repeated adding one drop of KMnO4 until the solution in the titration cup changed into a light brown color. Procedures for Part C: First, we lined up the 60 mL plastic cups labeled 10 sec, 30 sec, 60 sec, 120 sec, and 180 sec. Second, using a syringe, we transferred 10 mL of H2O2 into each cup. Third, we added 1 mL of catalase into the 10 sec cup, using a transfer pipet and gently swirled the contents of the cup. After 10 sec, we added 10 mL of H2O2 while gently swirling the contents of the cup. Then, we repeated the last 3 steps for each cup, but allowed the reactions to proceed for 30, 60, 120, and 180 second as assigned before adding the 10 mL of H2O2. After adding the H2O2 to all of the cups, we removed 5 mL of each solution of each cup and transferred it into a separate cup labeled titrate. Lastly, we titrated each cup filled with sample solution until each solution reaches endpoint.

Late Adulthood Essay

Reaching late adulthood is a stage in life that individuals often hope to be able to reach. Life starts from the moment of conception and goes on until we all reach the unavoidable stage of death. Individuals all deal with life in many different ways. An adult that has gone through life completing most of the tasks that he/she wanted to complete can go into the stage of late adulthood generally happy. †¨People in late adulthood often face many health problems. I have researched three sites that identify the current issues that place significance on late adulthood. Current issues consist of depression and suicide, health care issues as well as a decline in a physical manner and cognitive development. †¨Late adulthood is generally considered to begin approximately around the age of 65. Erik Erikson suggests that at this time it is important to find meaning and satisfaction in life rather than to become bitter and disillusioned. That is, to resolve the conflict of integrity ve rsus despair. It has been estimated that by the year 2030, Americans over 65 will make up 20% of the population. Despite the problems associated with longevity, studies of people in their 70s have shown that growing old is not necessarily synonymous with substantial mental or physical deterioration. Many older people are happy and engaged in a variety of activities. However, it still remains that according to the American Psychological Association depression and suicide are a significant public health issues for older adults. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders experienced by elders, but fortunately it is treatable by a variety of means. Currently older adults in the United States succumb to more minor symptoms of depression at a higher then that of younger adults. Late adults in the Baby Boomer generation seem to be displaying depressive  disorders at a significantly higher rate than previous groups; this trend displays a greater incidence of depression.†¨ †¨Depression is not only a prevalent disorder but is also a pervasive problem. Depressed older adults, like younger persons, tend to use health services at high rates, engage in poorer health behaviors, and evidence what is known as â€Å"excess disability.† Depression is also associated with suicide. Older adults have the highest rates of suicide of any a ge group, and this is particularly pronounced among men. †¨Physical changes, people typically reach the peak of their physical strength and endurance during there twenties and then gradually decline. In later adulthood, a variety of physiological changes may occur, including some degree of atrophy of the brain and a decrease in the rate of neural processes. Bone mass diminishes, especially among women, leading to bone density disorders such as osteoporosis. Muscles become weaker unless exercise programs are followed. You become less flexible and hair loss occurs in both sexes. As people live longer issues of quality of life take on greater importance. Many older Americans suffer chronic health problems that limit their ability to enjoy their later years. These conditions often lead to serious physical limitations that have a major impact on an individual’s ability to live independently.The most common chronic health problem among older adults is arthritis. Nationally, among persons aged 70 or older, 50% of men and 64% of women reported having arthritis (Federal Interagency Forum on Aging Related Statistics, 2000). In Texas, the percentage is virtually the same – 51.3% of persons 65 and older report that they have some form of chronic joint symptoms (Texas Department of Health, 1999). Arthritis can be a crippling and painful disease that makes it difficult for older adults to perform even the most basic Adult Living Skills. End result is lost of mobility and disability. Adjustment is a part of life. The study of cognitive changes in the older population is complex. Response speeds have been reported to decline; some researchers believe that age†related decrease in working memory is the crucial factor underlying poorer performance by the elderly on cognitive tasks. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Intellectual changes in late adulthood , it do not always result in reduction of ability. While fluid intelligence (the ability to see and to use patterns and relationships to solve problems) does decline in later years, crystallized intelligence (the ability to use accumulated information  to solve problems and make decisions) has been shown to rise slightly over the entire life span. K. Warner Schaie and Sherry Willis reported that a decline in cognitive performance could be reversed in 40% to 60% of elderly people who were given remedial training. Dementia is usually responsible for cognitive defects seen in older people. These disorders, however, occur only in about 15% of people over 65. The leading cause of dementia in the United States is Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive, eventually fatal disease that begins with confusion and memory lapses and ends with the loss of ability to care for oneself. Being able to reach old age is a blessing and a gift. Howe ver, it can come with a lot adjustment as life takes it toll. As I have explained late adults can suffer from depression and suicide, health care issues, as well as a decline in physical and cognitive development. As young adults we most try to remain physically and mentally tough to slow these effects.

Compare and Contrast the Philisophical Contributions of Nietzsche and Mill Essay

Compare and contrast the philosophical contributions Nietzsche and Mill make to our understanding of political and social tyranny. Both philosophers, Nietzsche and Mill make contrasting and similar contributions to our understanding of the two terms. I intend explore how each philosopher does this and the differences and similarities between their two philosophies. Before comparing and contrasting the contributions of both Nietzsche and Mill to our understanding of political and social tyranny, it is important to define exactly what these terms mean, and to distinguish between the two. Political tyranny on the one hand is the imposition of positive liberty by a tyrant to an individual or a collective group of individuals. That is, a situation where a certain way of life is dictated to citizens through the presence of obstacles, barriers or constraints. If we lived in a politically tyrannical society, we would be living under the control of a dictator, ruled by a single governing body. Furthermore, the pressure for an individual to conform to these â€Å"rules† can be seen as a result of ones fear of public disapproval – a recognised form of social tyranny. Philosopher John Stewart Mill, rigorously educated by his philosopher father James Mill, began making contributions to politics and philosophy from the early 1830s, when he wrote profusely on such political and philosophical matters. He was greatly influenced by the works of Jeremy Bentham and his interested in Utilitarianism. Mill’s book, â€Å"On Liberty† published in 1859 and written with his wife, saw Mill move away from the Utilitarian notion that individual liberty was necessary for economic and government efficiency and advanced the classical defence of individual freedom as a value in itself. It advocated moral and economic freedom of individuals from the state. His basic argument is simple: liberty from political and social tyranny is good because it allows for new and improved ideas to evolve and good because liberty forever puts old ideas to the test. – His ideas were and still are enormously influential and the ideas presented remain the basis of much political thought. In â€Å"On Liberty† Mill refers to tyrannical societies of the past where liberty meant protection from the tyranny of political rulers. They consisted of a governing One or a governing tribe, who derived their authority from inheritance or conquest. (NZ) To prevent the weaker members of society from being preyed upon by â€Å"innumerable vultures† it was thought that there should be an â€Å"animal of prey† stronger than the rest. – The aim being to set limits to the power of the tyrant. With this came a time where, as human affairs progressed, what was wanted was that rulers should be identified with the people, and that their interests should be the interests of the whole nation. This, Mill refers to as â€Å"the tyranny of the majority† which was held in â€Å"dread† (and commonly still is.) At this point, Mill is suggesting that majority rule itself could become a tyranny and that the suppression of minorities by the majority should be taken as a serious threat to a fair and just society. Mill claims that â€Å"society as a whole can issue wrong mandates and practice a tyranny more formidable than many kinds of political oppression.† He argues therefore that protection against political tyranny is not enough: there also needs to be protection from social tyranny or â€Å"the tyranny of prevailing opinion† the latter being harder to achieve protection from. Mill saw that this kind of political tyranny could prevent the development of individualistic behavior. Such tyrannies could work in two ways: through the adoption of laws which operate against idiosyncratic, non conforming or dissenting individuals. Or, through the power or pressure of public opinion, (which is notoriously prone to error, superstition or tradition.) Hence Mill argued that public opinion should not be a law that everyone should conform to, and that the individual should have protection of the law against the prevailing sentiments of society. – Essentially, we each need freedom to develop our individuality. So for Mill, the central problem is therefore to establish the legitimate extent to which the state can interfere in the affairs of individuals whilst maintaining acceptable levels of individuality. Mill’s answer is clear and is demonstrated through his â€Å"Harm Principle† which states that â€Å"the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not sufficient warrant.† -So Mill is referring to not just any harm, but specifically physical harm. If a person is harmed then his or her sovereignty over self no longer exists because sovereignty is after all the foundational position of power; this is Mill’s justification of the harm principle. Children and those who cannot take care of themselves are allowed to be interfered with beyond the harm principle as they may well harm themselves unintentionally; such children and those who cannot take care of themselves do not, and cannot, have sovereignty over self. Applying Mill’s Harm Principle strictly to current law would therefore remove â€Å"paternalistic† laws. For example there would be no reason to prohibit the laws prohibiting suicide, or drug taking or the wearing of seatbelts or crash helmets. From this perspective, laws that attempt to control such self regarding actions are wrong. They stunt the possibilities for individual development; the state should not be like an over protective parent, as for Mill, this does nothing but prevent the development of fully mature adults. Mill’s argument primarily questions what is the rightful limit to the sovereignty of the individual over himself? And how much of human life should be assigned to individuality, and how much to society? Mill says, to individuality should belong the part of life in which the individual is interested: to society, the part which chiefly interests society. Essentially, what are the limits of the law and what are the abilities of the individual? Evidently for Mill, the idea that the state should be involved in â€Å"self regarding† actions is entirely wrong. The individual must be allowed maximum freedom of choice in matters that are to do with personal choice His assertion reflects his own strong commitment to the idea of individual liberty and the belief that â€Å"free individuals† develop into more fully formed human beings. His arguments essentially reflect a strong belief in human reasoning and the ability for all of us to develop into mature autonomous individuals. Mill’s approach is therefore libertarian in that he saw the confining controlling state as a danger: whereas a society populated with free thinking individuals is a mature and successful society. Specifically referring to social tyranny, Mill states that â€Å"though society is not founded on a contract, everyone who receives the protection of society owes a return for the benefit† – meaning, if you conform to society, or public opinion, you will receive protection, i.e. you will not be condemned by society. – Mill furthermore claims that it would be a great misunderstanding to suppose that this doctrine is one of selfish indifference about the well being of others. – There is indeed a need for an increase in the exertion of promoting the good of others, but Mill feels this can be done without physically or mentally punishing those who behave in a way that people don’t agree with. – â€Å"Benevolence can find other instrument than whips and scourges, either of the literal or metaphorical sort† So, if a person shows â€Å"rashness, obstinacy or self conceit† or pursues â€Å"animal pleasures† at the expense of those of feeling and intellect, it is expected that they will be lowered in the opinion of others. But, Mill makes it clear that we are not bound to seek the society of such an individual. – We have a right to avoid it, and a right to caution others against the individual. â€Å"If he displeases us, we my express our distaste: but we shall not feel called upon to make his life uncomfortable† – So if an individual has made a bad choice, we shouldn’t condemn them further. – â€Å"If he has spoiled his life by mismanagement, we shall not for that reason desire to spoil it further† At this point, Mill makes a clear distinction between the part of a person’s life which concerns only himself and that which concerns others. He questions how the conduct of a member of society can be a matter of indifference to the rest of society, â€Å"no person is entirely isolated.† If he damages his property, he does harm to those who derived support from it, or if he deteriorates his bodily faculties, he becomes a burden on others. So even if his actions do no direct harm to others, he is never the less detrimental by example. As a liberalist, Mill stresses the importance of the individual and freedom. In a liberal sense, freedom means individual freedom. You are at â€Å"liberty† to do as you wish, there are no constraints upon how you choose to live your life, you are able, unhindered by tradition or inherited position to achieve your full potential. This idea opposes the characteristic of political tyranny – i.e. the imposition of positive freedom; restriction and barriers. As Isaiah Berlin explained, negative and positive liberty are not merely two distinct kinds of liberty; they can be seen as rival, incompatible interpretations of a single political ideal. There are different ways to define liberty within a society. Isaiah Berlin talks about the two different types. Berlin agrees with the idea of negative liberty and thinks the purpose of government is not to show any visions of life; rather, it is to give them freedom to find out for themselves what the good life is. Berlin supposes that there should be a small government that will protect everyone’s individual rights. In a society where negative liberty is prevalent problems begin to arise when you begin to worry about government and not your private life. Negative liberty also allows everyone to have a sphere of rights. You are also able to become what you want and you have more self-control, because there is no pressure to conform to the â€Å"norm† of the community in order to keep the society running smoothly. Rousseau, an advocate for positive liberty thinks that self-mastery is necessary for us as individuals and says that we should want to be the masters of our own life. Positive liberty is, † Wishing to be a subject, not an object; to be moved by reasons, by conscious purposes, which are my own, not by causes which affect me, as it were, from outside.† By participating in your government and thinking for yourself you can achieve self mastery. By having political self-mastery you are free to form a society which forms your values, which leads to democracy. Mill, as a liberalist, believes there ought to be a minimum area of personal freedom which on no account can be violated. Mill says, â€Å"If this boundary is overstepped, the individual will find himself in an area too narrow for even that minimum development of his natural faculties which alone makes it possible to pursue, and even conceive, the various ends which men hold good or right or sacred.† Mill says there must a certain amount of personal freedom so that you grow as an individual, so therefore, there needs to be a distinction between private life and public authority. ‘Freedom for the pike is death for the minnows’; the liberty of some must depend on the restraint of others. In this type of society some people are held back for the betterment of others. The idea that for every person on top there must be someone below them must be accepted. The other philosopher in question, Frederic Nietzsche, German philosopher of the late 19th century challenged the foundations of traditional morality and Christianity. He believed in life, creativity, health, and the realities of the world we live in, rather than those situated in a world beyond. Like Mill, Nietzsche wanted to replace old values with new ones. He wanted to move towards a new type of human being. – â€Å"The Uberman† In Nietzsche’s writing, â€Å"Beyond Good and Evil† he speaks of the â€Å"new philosophers† – individuals of ‘socio – intellectual status’ who must pave the way forward for a new world. – Who must rise above the confinements of political and social tyranny. Essentially, through asserting their â€Å"will to power.† Nietzsche refers to these individuals as the aristocrats, the elites. These â€Å"noble† men will assert their will to power. – An ability that will have been passed down from generations. The new philosophers or â€Å"noble breed† will possess the â€Å"master morality† the morality of the aristocratic, that which makes values for others and sees itself as noble. At this point, Nietzsche introduces the ‘notion of superiority’ – the idea that these â€Å"free spirits† or new philosophers will assume a place of superiority in the social and intellectual hierarchy over those who are confined by political and social tyranny. In several aphorisms, he emphasizes a higher type of man, one who believes and demands an order of rank and disdains democracy and equality. Those inferior individuals, he refers to as â€Å"the herd.† The herd succumb to social and political tyranny, and so are â€Å"slaves† to it – and they can not change. – It is not in their genes. It is ok for the herd to be confined by political and social tyranny, but not for the elites. – The elites must be the dominant force, not controlled by a force. Nietzsche’s fundamental principle is â€Å"the will to power.† Nietzsche refers to it as â€Å"an essence of life.† For Nietzsche, the underlying driving force of change is will. All drives come from a will to power, which is; the drive for freedom and domination over other things. We see it in our daily lives; in every argument there is a striving force for mastery and victory; even in the hierarchical nature of organisations e.g. manager vs. worker, teacher vs. pupil, politicians, preachers and even in the sex act itself. But, for Nietzsche, political and social tyranny seeks to tame this primeval drive and to suppress it. It is the weak and the herd who let their desires and will be suppressed. It is the role and duty of the ‘new philosopher’ to cultivate it. Nietzsche strongly attacks religion. Especially Christianity. For Nietzsche, religion is a modern manifestation of political and social tyranny. Religion seeks to suppress the will to power. He refers to religion as â€Å"an ongoing suicide of reason† and has similarities with Freud in that he thinks religion is a ‘neurosis’ or mental illness. â€Å"Wherever the religious neurosis has appeared on earth we find it tied to three dangerous dietary prescriptions: solitude, fasting and sexual abstinence.† So for Nietzsche, being a Christian, means denying ones desires, it means self sacrifice for the sake of God (whom he believes is dead) and showing pity and charity for others allegedly leads to the elevation of the weak-minded. Nietzsche believes we shouldn’t show such charitable acts, or make unnatural sacrifices. Christians are the herd, because they follow such beliefs and live their lives by them. The herd are not in control of their lives, for they live by a set of principles that are not their own. Christianity as a form of tyranny takes over the individual. We self mutilate when we feel guilty. Nietzsche says we shouldn’t feel guilty, as its better to do something and experience it, taking from it what we will, rather than be told not to do it at all. Political and social tyranny does not give an individual the chance to do this and places restrictions upon the individual. Like Mill, Nietzsche valued individualism above all else, but he saw that as a result of the acquiescence to social and political tyranny (e.g. religion) followed a â€Å"herd mentality† where everybody follows one another for fear of disapproval by public opinion, or in the case of religion, disapproval by God. The herd has ‘given up’ their will to political and social tyranny. And so are weak to their superiors, as reflected in their values. But Nietzsche suggests that people want this. He refers to slaves wanting and accepting political and social tyranny, and relating to the modern manifestation of this through religion, it provides truth and certainty. The slave is led by a superior guide, and wants to be, because it is comforting. So hence, Nietzsche sees the Enlightenment or ‘age of reason’ as ‘enraging to the slave’ because it removes an ‘Absolute Truth’ I.e. God. So forth, the slaves have to find their own truths. Both philosophers contribute from different stand points. Mill on one hand speaks from a liberalist perspective. Liberals see humans as essentially rational thinking creatures capable of making informed decisions and despises the kind of paternalistic controls of a political tyranny that characterised the previous feudal period. Where Nietzsche on the other hand comes from an elitist standpoint. So, for Nietzsche, the most â€Å"human† or natural of societies are those based on aristocratic principles. Thus, societies with clear and very wide social class divides are the most appropriate of humanity. Clearly defined class distinctions that Nietzsche would have liked are the times of the Ancient Greeks, Romans, Feudalism and even aspects of Nazism. – Orders in which richness, excess, cruelty and sensuality were encouraged. This is where a major difference between Nietzsche’s philosophy and Mill’s becomes apparent. Mill criticises the political control of a tyrant on an individual’s freedom, yet Nietzsche claims that these aristocrats are â€Å"living for themselves† The aristocrats have asserted their will to power over the people. He justifies this by saying that these societies are natural, because the will to power was exercised properly, by the powerful over the weak. Both have similar views on the topic of religion, arguing that no longer should one set of religious truths be imposed on a population. To move forward, to progress, is to explore the world through the exercise of human reason and critical enquiry. For Nietzsche, we must continually question everything, for there is no absolute truth. We have to find our own truth. We do this by being individual, and not following a herd. For Mill, we are rational thinkers, and bases his theory on this view – that we will come to sensible conclusions. Hence, both philosophers advocate maximising negative liberty as a necessary condition for human flourishing. With the freedom to be individual without the barriers or constraints of tyranny, we as a society and as individuals’ progress and new ideas are formed. New values are made, replacing old ones. The Elitist vs. the Liberalist approach is where the two philosophers differ in attitudes. Taking into consideration a rejection of negative liberty, this could be used to pave the way for an alternative account.

Bedford Wedding Planners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Bedford Wedding Planners - Essay Example In the paper, the detailed operations plan has been made to promote the carefully designed value proposition through an elaborate marketing strategy. To shed light on the financial perspective, expense forecast, sales forecast and profit forecast for BWP have been prepared. Bedford Wedding Planners (BWP) is a service company, which provides end-to-end consulting services for weddings and holy unions. BWP planners are experienced and hard-working professionals with profound knowledge and event planning experience. BWP is different in a way that it provides customers with extremely focused attention. BWP understands requirements of clients and works along with them to organize the wedding of their dreams. The customers’ aspirations become BWP`s tasks to be completed. So, whether the customer wishes a Western, Chinese, Indian or Las Vegas-style wedding, BWP provides the best. The value proposition of BWP includes weddings, receptions, holy unions, budgeting and managing every asp ect of a wedding so as to make it memorable for individuals involved. Irrespective of the wishes of customers and type of event, BWP desires to fulfill the dreams of clients pertaining to every detail of the event planning, such that it is both pleasurable and memorable experience. Thus, BWP offers a plethora of packages, carefully tailored for catering to requirements and preferences of each couple. BWP is absolutely confident that this venture will be a great success and also forecasts net income to increase  consistently over next few years.

Course work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Course work - Coursework Example This report will delve into the contractual process and suggest the most suitable form of contract that will have both parties satisfied. The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) sought to manoeuvre this issue and develop a contract that is satisfactory to everyone (Broome, 1999, p3). The New Engineering Contract (NEC), also known as the NEC Engineering and Construction Contract, was their solution to this problem. This contract is an official system that seeks to guide individuals in the drafting of projects; both engineering and construction, to obtain tenders and the awarding of contracts (Forward, 2002, p7). This contract details the duties and responsibilities of the clients (employers) and the contractors (employees) during the progress of the project. A Works Information is also included in the NEC; this also includes the first Contract Data, client’s information, and the second Contract Data, contractors’ information (Institution of Civil Engineers 1995, p.6). NEC is an international standard that is adopted by several countries, notably the United Kingdom. Despite being internationally recognized, there are several reasons for choosing this contract. First and foremost, NEC emphasizes on developing mutual trust and co-operation for all parties involved in the contract. The risk involved in the project is collaborated and managed by all parties leading to efficient contract management practices (Broome, 1999, p19). It fosters good management of the work detailed in the contract. It does this by ensuring both parties are in good terms with one another. Secondly, NEC as a contract is applicable in all fields that involve contracts. It is applicable in construction, engineering, maintenance and consultancy contracts (Weddell & Weddell, 2006, p4). Furthermore, this contract has several payment options that cater for the clients and

Critical Success Contextual Factors among SMEs in Saudi Arabia Essay

Critical Success Contextual Factors among SMEs in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example The intention of this study is Saudi Arabia, one of the richest Arab countries. Albeit geographically small compared to Russia and the United States, the country easily bested the two cold war super powers in terms of oil production with an estimated 10.5 billion barrels per day (bbl) for 2010 estimates. Oil is a very important commodity for the global market and it is very critical to move the economy of essentially all countries. Yet, despite this seemingly huge advantage, the country pales is not among the leading economies of the world. This is mainly due to the fact that aside from its huge oil deposits, the country is void of other natural resources. Still, among its peers in the Arab world, Saudi Arabia is among the richest nations. The country is a sprawling land of about 2.15 million square kilometres hosting about 25.7 million inhabitants. It is a Muslim country and monarchy is its form of government. Interestingly though, among the population of the country, about 7 millio n are foreigners working in the country. However, aside from the oil companies, major companies hold the bulk of businesses in the country. Recently though, Saudi entrepreneurs are picking up the pace and are steadily becoming a force for economic growth for the country. This is very important because for so long now, the country’s economy has greatly relied on oil revenues which, being a natural resource, is strongly influenced by the government despite the existence of foreign business partners. 1.1.1 SMEs in Saudi Arabia It is important though that these SMEs step up in Saudi Arabia. It is noteworthy to recognize the strong growth of these different entrepreneurs which now accounts to about 93% of the total enterprises in the country. It is lamentable though that despite of this, the sector’s contribution to job generation is a mere 24.7 percent. Although these are small and medium scale enterprises employing only a handful of employees (59 and below for small while 60 to 99 for medium), it is important for the country to be able to get more out of these budding entrepreneurs in order to give more jobs to the Saudis (info provided

Assessment and Theraputics2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assessment and Theraputics2 - Essay Example Yet, regardless of this, many patients still have to deal with excruciating pain after surgical processes operated on them. Nurses still don’t have the necessary skills for pain management and this continues to affect patients in a very negative way. This document looks at this issue from a case study point of view with a regard to understanding this issue and looking at how the individual nurses can use the Tunner’s Model which is a four step model for nurses to apply clinical Judgement. Part I There are a number of advantages associated with treating post-operative pain. The main advantage is related to the fact that nursing is about returning the patient to his or her normal state before the health problem at hand. Surgical operation on a patient treats one health issue but can leave the patient with other health issues such as excessive pain. In such a case, a surgical process cannot be considered as complete in terms of healing the person until the pain associated with it is overcome. Treating the patient in order to manage this pain and eliminate it is therefore a vital part of treatment and the sooner the pain is dealt with the sooner the patient can get back his or her health (D’Arcy, 2012). Failing to manage this pain would mean that the patient will not be able to get their health back. Pain varies in intensity and postoperative pain can be so excruciating to the amount of death if not well managed. Different people respond differently to pain and this difference can lead to different health implications for different individuals. In this regard, it is the role of the nurse to be able to look at the patient and understand how the postoperative pain is affecting their health and be able to deal with this as soon as possible and in the most efficient way possible (Bell & Duffy, 2009). Failing to manage postoperative pain can lead to two main issues. To being with, it can lead to over-delayed discharge of the patient which will defin itely affect the efficiency of the hospital as well as the cost of healthcare to the patient or whoever is footing the bill for the patient. At the same time, it can lead to complications on the patient’s recovery process and sometimes lead to more issues which were not existent before the surgery. However, the bottom line of postoperative pain treatment should be based on the fact that the patient has a right to minimised pain in post-operative situations (Layzell, 2008). Part II Noticing Noticing is a very important part of the clinical judgement process as it provides for the basis of treatment before any other implicit knowledge is gained with regard to the customer (Tanner, 2006). With regard to Josie, there are a number of issues which the nurse could be able to look at in this regard. As seen in the case study, Josie has a history of other medical issues which may contribute to her response to the post-operative pain not being very well. As a diabetic, there may be oth er issues which the nurse may want to consider as Josie goes through the process of surgery. These include such explicit information such as her glucose levels, her body temperature levels, her heartbeat rates etc. These details are important in order to identify any issues which might arise during and or after the survival process. After the surgery, tracking information about her heartbeat, the glucose levels (especially due to her diabetic condition), her

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Many of the companies allow casual Fridays however, Morrison’s office does not allow casual on any day of the working week. Morrison argues that formal dress code is more important for the companies who have front-line client dealing and if a company does not have any such dealing then in that case ditching the suits may boost the morale of employees. Therefore, Career Partners 3 has been following â€Å"business only† trend for years. On the other hand, HR Solutions Incorporation has recently changed the dress code from business casual to casual dresses. HR Solutions is a Chicago-based international human resources pollster. The representative of company, Amelia Forczak argues that when employees are given free choice to wear anything, it shoes the level of trust on the employees and it also empowers the staff and improves their efficiency. Forczak argues that the recent decision of adopting business casual to casual dress code has been taken after conducting the inter nal surveys. The recent internal survey of the company has shown that rather than dressing up casually on Friday only, employees are more comfortable in wearing casual every day. At HR Solutions, preference is given to the workers on what they want to ensure to achieve the productivity. Forczak argues that if by only changing wardrobe of workers which is not difficult to implement, the company can achieve a quick win then what else the company wants. However, Forczak has also highlighted the point that if companies are not having direct dealing with employees then they can be provided relaxations in dress codes to make them feel more comfortable. Moreover, Forczak considers it as a good practice in leadership to keep up a affinity with the workers. Therefore, Forczak is very satisfied from the decision of changing dress code. A study conducted by HR Solutions in 2011 suggests that out of the total employees only 27 percent of employees at workplace are actively involved and the rema ining 73 percent of employees are either recognised as â€Å"actively disengaged† or â€Å"ambivalent†. In May 2010, when the company conducted a poll it was found that 55 percent of employees were of the view that they did not have a traditional dress code and 44 percent said they had to wear suits and ties. In this essay, the HRM models and concepts will be used to analyse whether the move from business casual dress code to casual dress code at HR Solutions is a suitable move for the company. HRM Implications Dress code is an important aspect of corporate culture and when it comes to decide whether a casual or a formal dress code is suitable for a company, various opinions come on screen. A recently conducted survey findings suggest that 41 percent of the companies believe that workers who are dressed more professionally are more likely to be promoted as compared to the workers who are not dressed professionally and this figure may vary based on industry such as in f inancial services, 55 percent of the companies have this opinion (Haefner, 2008 cited in Cardon & Okoro, 2009). Dress codes appear to be a major focus of service organisations where the employees directly interact with the customers. Billions of dollars are being spent by service organisations on defining, acquiring, managing and monitoring the dresses of employees and manuals of these company contain detailed illustrations about the dresses ranging from uniform

Effect of Culture on Expatriates Work Performance in the Hospitality Research Paper

Effect of Culture on Expatriates Work Performance in the Hospitality Industry - Research Paper Example It is important to learn about the various cultures that are represented in the workplace and in the business environment before engaging in business in foreign countries as suggested by Cardy (2007). This is the case considering that it helps in reducing the risk of failure. Understanding other people’s and countries’ communication styles, social events, dress codes, greetings, and negotiation tactics are very important in fostering positive relationships with persons from foreign countries and cultures. In the hospitality industry like in any other economic sector, individuals and organizations are bound to encounter people from foreign environments. Foreigners come in the form of customers, suppliers and expatriates. Expatriates in the course of their work re expected to maintain high performance standards for the good of the companies for which they work and to warrant the high pay they receive. They are in effect expected to be role models and provide direction to local workers. As they work in foreign environments, expatriates encounter a number of challenges. One of the main challenges that they experience is dealing with people from various cultural backgrounds. In as much as they enjoy working in such environments, there is a possibility that the changes that they encounter and the unfamiliar environment may impact on their performance at work. Statement of the Problem In spite of the existence of literature related to the effects of cultural differences in the area of multicultural environments and work performance, very little study has been conducted with respect to the hotel industry. This is study is focused on finding out the effects of culture and cultural differences on expatriates’ work performance in the hospitality industry. Significance of the Study The results of this study will be very valuable to expatriates in their endeavor to succeed in the foreign environments in which they work. Based on the results of this stud y, management of hospitality industries and especially the human resource manager can come up with better ways ensuring that the expatriate fits in well in the company within the shortest duration and achieve high output as is always the desire of every business. Objectives Main Objective 1. To establish the effect of culture on expatriates’ work performance in the hospitality industry Specific objectives 1. To establish to the existence of expatriates in xxx city hotels and restaurants 2. To determine the challenges posed to expatriates at work as a result of cultural factors 3. To establish the performance of hotels and restaurants that are managed by expatriates 4. To establish the correlation between expatriate work performance and cultural differences with locals. Literature Review Expatriates and Work Performance An expatriate is an individual who resides in a foreign country and culture. However, in business terms, an expatriate is a professional sent by an organizatio n to work in a foreign country as opposed to staff who is locally employed. In many cases, expatriates are sent to work for subsidiaries of an organization or to work at it headquarters. Expatriates help businesses with a global presence to manage global structures and liaise with external partners and provide quality services to customers (Beaverstock, Derudder, Faulconbridge and Witlox (2009). According to Lee (2008), taking a foreign duty affects an individual’s professional and personal life. Such assignments subject expatriates to factors that prove stress such as ambiguity and uncertainty. Three main factors determine the success of expatriates in their work. These factors are communication ability, relation ability

Kingston-Galloway Neighborhood and Its Peculiarities Assignment

Kingston-Galloway Neighborhood and Its Peculiarities - Assignment Example It must be underlined that â€Å"the population of Kingston-Galloway is 28,042 people† [Hayes D., 2008] in their diversity of nationalities.  On the one hand, Scarborough is one of the most beautiful, green and livable territories in Toronto. Consequently, Kingston-Galloway neighbourhood as its part can be recognized as a good place to give birth and raise children. On the other hand due to the settlement of the black, Hindus, Tamils, and the crime situation it is not attractive to stay there (although the white live in the district too). So the result is that such surroundings are not able to be a priority to encourage people to do their best in rising of a population. As for the statistic data given readers by workers of the University of Toronto, Deborah Coven and Vanessa Parlette (they both were active in community projects in Kingston-Galloway for five years), Kingston-Galloway â€Å"had a population of 31,715 in 1971, and 40,846 in 2006† [Cowen D., Paulette V., June 2011] in comparison. Furthermore, we can analyze the percentage of population growth up during these years which is small - 7 % in 1971 and 11% in 2006 respectively. Probably a certain effect has a bad level of life in this district. The figures speak for themselves - Kingston-Galloway has â€Å"†¦the highest concentration of subsidized housing in all of Ontario, 42% of all families with children are lone-parent families – much greater than the Toronto average† [Shark S., 2009]. All these facts depict not so optimistic financial situation in the neighbourhood. When people have good living conditions and confidence in the future they can afford themselves to have children. As we see there is no positive picture in this aspect in Kingston-Galloway. Moreover, the statistics say that household income has dropped 35% from 1971 till 2006 years. Still, there is some successful tendency in the development of social life norms in Kingston-Galloway. The main achievement is the organization of the Storefront, an interaction group which consists of service providers and people of the district.  Ã‚  

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Leadership - Essay Example So, far we have talked about culture taken in a broader sense, however organization culture is a quite a narrowed down classification of culture and it could differ significantly from organization to organization. For instance the organizational culture of a hospital may differ significantly from that of a not-for-profit organization or a retail firm or even take the example of law firm. The basic Organizational Culture has some characteristics which if an organization can capitalize can pay them off big time for example culture are made up robust values which are almost impossible to change in a brief period of time so if an organization is able to capitalize on such characteristic it could inject ethics from the very outset of its existence. It could make loyalty, efficiency leadership and many different qualities such as these an integral part of it an employee routine. Employees are highly skilled and tend to stay in the organization, while working their way up the ranks. The organization provides a stable environment in which employees can development and exercise their skills. Examples are universities, hospitals, large corporations, etc. Employees are "free agents" who have highly prized skills. They are in high demand and can rather easily get jobs elsewhere. This type of culture exists in fast-paced, high-risk organizations, such as investment banking, advertising, etc. The most important requirement for employees in this culture is to fit into the group. Usually employees start at the bottom and stay with the organization. The organization promotes from within and highly values seniority. Examples are the military, some law firms, etc. Employees dont know if theyll be laid off or not. These organizations often undergo massive reorganization. There are many opportunities for those with timely, specialized skills. Examples are savings and loans, large

Understanding Challenges In The Third Sector Essay - 1

Understanding Challenges In The Third Sector - Essay Example Hence, the third sector became a really interesting model for me to study and I learned how the entity succeed to survive when I worked as a volunteer with them. The organization I opted for this portfolio is a community organization St. Elizabeth’s, which manages children, youngsters, and adults within its school, college, and residential care home respectively. While becoming part of St. Elizabeth’s I realized that they work to support the needy with their problems. They were supported by charitable works and people like me volunteered there, hence, making it part of the third sector. Moreover, it also positively support the economy by providing employments and working opportunities to individuals like me who want to return something to their society. St Elizabeth’s is a traditional organization which was established in 1903 and has a history of more than 100 years. I learned that organization first charitable work was done by the Congregation of the Daughters of the Cross of Liege (the Congregation). During my volunteer work I also realized that they were a Roman Catholic religion based congregation, which was founded in 1833. However, over the period of time St Elizabeth’s has evolved and managed superior developments which cater to vulnerable people with disorders. Every institute operates to fulfill the goals, similarly, I comprehended that St Elizabeth’s also has its organizational goals and they focused towards achieving them. While working there as a volunteer; I noticed that the goal is to share care and compassion with every individual which require it the most. Hence, St Elizabeth’s was treating as much people as possible to overcome their learning disabilities. It plays a strong role as a NGO and has the support from the public sector. I think that there should be more organizations like St. Elizabeth’s working for the betterment of people with learning

Access to Special Education Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Access to Special Education - Case Study Example While there are numerous approaches which have been adopted in combating HIV/AIDS, it has become essential to enhance the general knowledge of the population regarding the disease. In Zimbabwe, 15% of the population in the country have been infected by the disease (UNAIDS, 2012). This is worrying statistic which requires immediate action for the country to achieve the MDG goal number 6 of the United Nations. While the country has made significant progress and resulted in reduction of people infected with the disease, there is still a challenge in developing a long term solution. The programmes adopted within the country to fight the epidemic are commonly spearheaded by the National AIDS Council (NAC), non- governmental organisations, and Intergovernmental organisations, academic and religious organizations. These organizations have achieved a significant impact in the fight against HIV/ AIDS within the country. An education programme focusing of the young people will be implemented seeking to integrate education on HIV/AIDS within the school curriculum. Both private and public schools are believed to have the capability and significant influence on the information spread among the young generations within the population. The integration of and education programme for AIDS will be critical in ensuring the young people understand the nature of the epidemic and specific actions which they can take in prevention of the disease. Specific emphasis on prevention will be focused on the adolescents and early adulthood when the people become sexually active. The scope of the content presented within this programme will be determined locally in order to ensure consistency with the community and parental values of the society. Community participation in the projects will be critical in the programme because of some controversial issues which regard social values and norms of the people. The disease

Summary of Don't tweak your supply chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of Don't tweak your supply chain - Essay Example While making changes to the supply change, managers need to take into consideration the cost at which they are obtaining raw materials, the quality of these resources and should give importance to inventory management. The author further states that the managers need to create a map of the internal constituencies that are connected with the supply chain and at the same time they should keep an eye open for opportunities and threats that their actions may cause to the society. While taking up any change in the area of supply chain organizations should identify how those changes will impact the overall society. The managers should not only be concerned about the practices and operations of their suppliers, they even need to keep an eye on the suppliers who are supplying raw materials to their suppliers. This is because if their suppliers are indulging in socially responsible practices, this does not mean that the suppliers of their suppliers are even doing the same. Lee, Hau L. Don’T Tweak Your Supply Chain—Rethink It End To End. Harvard Business Review. N.p., 2010. Web. 1 Dec. 2014.

Good Luck Chuck how love and sexuality are constructedrelated in the Essay

Good Luck Chuck how love and sexuality are constructedrelated in the movie - Essay Example A close analysis of the movie Good Luck Chuck in examination of how love and sexuality are constructed and related would prove that the modern texts of movies have great contribution to make towards the interest of Purdue students. It is on the basis of various elements in the relationship between love and sexuality that such an analysis of the movie needs to be carried out if the study should emerge with some implications to the Purdue students. In the introductory paragraph, we identified the movie Good Luck Chuck as a text which has got significant meaning to convey or communicate to the Purdue students in relation to love and sexuality and one may wonder how this movie becomes a text. The movie is a text that reads itself aloud to the audience the meaning and the relation between love and sexuality in the modern world. It means that, like a text of the conventional meaning, the movie has a great message to communicate to its audience which if listened to with utmost attention provides more meaning to life than an ordinary text of our understanding. Therefore, the movie Good Luck Chuck, though apparently just another comedy of life, assumes a greater role with immense implications and meanings in the modern environment. To exemplify, the climax of the movie tells how even the fate that had been indifferent all through Charlie's life turns in his favor acknowledging his insatiable efforts to overcome the same. This message is crystal-clear as if any conventional text would explain. It is in the recognition of this meaning that the movie realizes its meaning and scope and it acts as a text open to its audience. Only condition is that the audience needs to open this text and read for the implicit as well as explicit meaning in it. The implication of the meaning that the movie renders is that the movie itself with all its characteristic features such as the plot, theme, dialogues, symbols and pictorial images resides as if a great text of humanity in its love and sexual relation. When we look for some meaning in the protagonist's specific condition where he is able to have a single sexual relation with every lady he meets but cannot make the relation go ahead so as to end up in a celebrated love relation between the two, it reads, as a great text of life in its varied experience, that the construct that is called sexuality is entirely different from what we can gather about the concept of love. The text of the movie, we may conclude, makes a clear distinction between the concept of sexuality and love. What every human being is cherishing for at the end of each sexual relation is that the relation does not stop there, but reaches the greater stage, i.e. love. It is the same concept of love that drives Charlie fo rward to seek for an everlasting love relation with someone, remarkably Cam, rather than just enjoying a life of sexual satisfaction alone. The movie Good Luck Chuck, therefore, becomes an emblem all that human knowledge recognizes as the difference between love and sexuality. Here, sex is of momentary nature whereas love has a greater significance in human life with enduring value and implication. Not many a text would disseminate a greater message through its medium as the movie Good Luck Chuck does in establishing the real nature of sexuality and love. That is the reason why, movies are often considered

MANAGING AN EARLY YEARS SETTING Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

MANAGING AN EARLY YEARS SETTING - Assignment Example roles and responsibilities of the early years’ practitioners are identified and discussed in relation to the leadership and management theory (Bullock & Brownhill 2011.p.201-207). The government, educators, teachers, parents, and other education practitioners in the field of early education and care have over the past years been faced with the question of realization of quality formal education in the early years setting. Therefore, in consideration of these necessity factors, this study has been organized in the context of evaluating two early years setting education scenarios in reference to the leadership and management theory. This is through the search for the understanding of the roles and responsibilities that various practitioners play in relation to the same. The two scenarios are the support for a child who has a significant medical condition and the support for a child who has additional educational needs (Jones & Pound 2008). The successful critique and evaluation of the leadership and management concepts in relation to the early years setting involved the conducting of a wide-ranging research from detailing sources such as electronic databases, government legislations, search engines like Google Scholar and ERIC. In the recent past, there has been an increasing concern for embracing leadership in the management of schools and attainment of the set goals and visions for a particular institution. For effective practice in the early years setting of early education and care, it is important for the practitioners to recognise the link that exists between effective management, development of leadership in early education centers and the success of children in such centers (Jones & Pound 2008). By equipping practitioners in early education sector with requisite knowledge and skills that can be used to lead and manage quality practice in the early education years setting will enable them to develop the capacities of children under their care successfully;

No child left behind Essay Example for Free

No child left behind Essay No Child Is Left Behind (NCLB) is a federal state act of 2001 which was proposed by the then president, George W. Bush immediately after being inaugurated in to the White House. This legal framework was aimed at ensuring that the primary and secondary education system was improved by advocating for increased accountability and transparency in its management. It further focused on the education system increased the flexibility on how parents can choose the learning institution their siblings will attend. This paper provides a broad overview of the act and it includes its history, scope, player involved challenges, among other issues. Brief discussion of the relevant history The law was authored by John Boehner and Judd Gregg, a representative and a senator respectively from the Republican Party and George miller and Edward Kennedy, a senator respectively from the Democratic Party. It was then signed by G. W. Bush. Beside aiming at improving the performance primary and secondary education and increasing accountability, improved the focus on reading and re-authored the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Act. The act was brought forward in the 107th congress whereby it was passed in the House of Representatives and US senate on 2001, May 23rd and 2004, June 14th respectively. It was later signed in to law on 2002, January 8th. Scope The act was brought to the lime light after realization the quality of the education being offered was directly affecting the students, parents and all the citizens at large. At the international level, since the world was becoming a global village as a result of globalization, the quality of education needed to improved since many of the Americans’ children had little hope in the future due to high levels of illiteracy and low self esteem (self doubt). The act was of paramount essence since the US, the world largest economy needed to produce intellectuals that would transform America and the globe at large. Context (historical, political, economic, social) At the time George W. Bush introduced this blueprint, he noted that though the American was entering the 21st century with a lot of promise and hope, many of the children who were in need of education support and aid were being ignored and thereby left around. 70% of the fourth graders residing in the inner city could not read or even pass the national reading trial which involved the elementary level of education. The senior high school student in other parts of the world, South Africa and Cyprus to be specific perform very poorly on the international mathematics test. Almost a 1/3 of the college freshmen of American origin take compulsory remedial courses prior to initiating the regular college level courses It is the responsibility of the parents, state and all the citizens to ensure that quality education is guaranteed for all the American children in order to have a bright future. This has not been the case and the United Sates Federal Government is to be blamed for condoning the poor results and failing to address the failure in the education system. The federal government has controlled the Americans, schools since through education policies since 1965 when the first major initiative on the elementary –secondary was undertaken. Since then the federal government has established so many programs/ projects geared towards facilitation of quality education. A major drawback for these programs is that the results have not been analyzed to evaluate whether the programs achieve their objectives or not. Another factor for the failure of the programs is that they are formulated by the congress and the locals are not consulted, as a result, local population education needs are not addressed. There have been programs that are formulated for every single education program and this had led to a pile of programs across the federal states. These programs costed the federal government hundred billions each year but quality of education on the other hand has been falling since the objectives are not being realized. This has resulted to a wide and an increasing gap between the rich and the poor in America. Faced with this dilemma, some citizens have proposed that the federal government should not be involved the education sector. Another proportion of the population suggests that the new programs should be added to the old education system. , the federal government was therefore required to come up with effective programs and projects which would restore confidence in to the American education system. After a braining search of the best option, the federal government came up with the No Child is Left Behind policy which would transform the American education system. During the signing of the bill, the then US president, George W. Bush said; Weve got large challenges here in America. Theres no greater challenge than to make sure that every child and all of us on this stage mean every child, not just a few children, every single child, regardless of where they live, how theyre raised, the income level of their family, every child receive a first-class education in America. Individuals/agencies involved including a discussion of the major decision makers The No Child is Left Behind policy would involve a number of parties in order to transform the American education system, these entities include; o The teachers o The parents o The local citizens o The federal government The teachers will be involved in ensuring the No Child is Left Behind policy work. They will be trained to improve their quality. The schools that will perform well will be rewarded while those not achieving the expected results will be sanctioned. The federal government is expected to fund the training of school teachers and improve the schools in general. The parents are required to monitor the performance of their children and at the same time access more information concerning the performance of his/her child from the school administration. Additional funds will be provided to the state and district schools by so that they can become more flexible. The local society is required to ensure that it provide a conducive learning environment so that the students can utilize their potential to the best of their capability (Hammond 2007). Major stakeholders involved (who the policy/issue affects, who has an interest in the policy) Among the major stakeholders who will be involved and will be affected by the NCLB will include the students, the teachers, parent, the local authorities and the federal government. The teachers will be required to play a crucial role in ensuring that the gap between the poor and rich is closed by ensuring that they maintain high standards and accountability, offering annual academic assessment to children which will then be evaluated by the parents. The teachers are further required to give reading a priority. The parents are expected to work closely with the teachers so that they can assist in progress of the children education. The parents’ flexibility and option for schools will also increase. The local authorities are expected to guarantee the teacher protection, promote school safety, rescue the schools from the schools that are not safe and advocate for character education. o The federal government is expected to provide funds and reward to the well performing schools and states in terms of accountability and transparency. The government will also give the teachers some initiatives like tax deduction in order to promote their performance. The role public administrators play in the policy/issue The public administers are expected to ensure that the funds provided by the federal government are utilized in the most efficient was possible while at the same time making certain that they reach the targeted entities. The public administrators are further expected to evaluate the performance of the school. They should also give feedback to the federal government on matter concerning the effectiveness of the No Child is Left Behind policy in meeting the academic needs of the American people (Samier, et, al, 2008). Policy alternatives and solutions Currently this is the best education program that has been formulated in the US. Proper implementation of the program will ensure that it becomes perfect since it will be evaluated from time to time. Corrective measure will be put in place to ensure that the expected results are achieved. Challenges facing policy implementation and solution The policy is faced with a number of challenges prior to its implementation. One of major critic is on the use of standards to gauge the performance of the states and schools. The schools or each state can lower their standards so that they cam purport to have improved in their performance. This is because each state has the capacity to set its own standards. This means that the incentives and penalties (sanctions) provided by the government would end up on the hand of wrong persons. This problem therefore calls for standardization of the examination if at all there is an expectation of correct unbiased results (Uzzell (2005). The use of standardized within states reduced the quality of education since the teachers â€Å"teach the test† to ensure that the students performs well in the schools. They, teachers, only teach the areas that are expected to be tested in the final standard exams. The standardized tests are also against Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. The tests have also been condemned of promoting cultural bias since different culture value certain skills than others. To avoid this kind of bias, the policy of standardized test should be re-evaluated in depth and a sustainable standard established (Abernathy 2007). The issue of offering incentives to the schools performing poorly enables the schools to continue performing poorly. The schools that are rewarded after performing well in the standards test is likely to push out the poorly performing students so that hey can maintain the standards. In order to ensure that the poorly performing schools improve they should be offered with technical expertise and not financial resources. The top performing schools on the other hand should be closely monitored to ensure that the poor students are not expelled on academic grounds. The No Child is Left Behind policy focuses manly on the core subjects, that is English and Mathematics, this has made the student to improve in these two subjects while the other broader education is lost. This therefore requires the NCLB policy to be considerate of other skills and subjects to ensure that education meets its purpose (Menken 2008). Importance of the No Child is Left Behind policy Its enables the children to understand the policies that have been implemented in the efforts to improve the quality of education in order to face the global challenges in bold. Precisely, the understanding of this policy enables a person to understand the existing education policy’s roots, challenges and its core values. This policy is also an indication of the federal government interest in leading the global by providing its citizens with quality education which will ensure that the illiteracy level decreases significantly. The policy also explains in details the expected level of participation by all the parties involved in ensuring that it is a success. The policy also explains the importance of the accountability and transparency for any program or policy to succeed (Peterson, et, al, 2003). Overview of the important values Irrespective of the stake holders involved in implementing this policy, is of great significance to evaluate the important values of the No Child is Left Behind policy. This policy is expected to; o Result to grades for tests o General improvement of all the standards o Increased accountability of all resources in the schools o Creating opportunity for the minority groups o General improvement of the quality of education o Offering the parent the option to select school for children o Guarantying of the federal funding Conclusion Though the change is well formulated, it needs to be cleansed off some of the issues that are raising eyebrows. It needs to be refined to address all the children depending on their needs. The policy provides clearly detailed guidelines which will ensure that the quality of the education system in America greatly improves to solve the ever increasing global challenges. While comparing the old and the new education programs, this new NCLB is likely to have better results since it focus on all the children with emphasis on the children from the minority groups. The local population, citizens and the federal government should ensure that the proper implementation and evaluation is carried out to make certain that the best results are achieved. As time passes by, a research should be carried out to find out area or clauses that need to be changed for upgrading of the programs. References Abernathy Scott Franklin (2007) No Child Left Behind and the Public Schools, Michigan, University of Michigan Press, (pp 130-149). Hammond Linda D. (2007) Evaluating No Child Left Behind’ retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, available at http://www. thenation.com/doc/20070521/darling-hammond Menken Kate (2008) English Learners Left Behind: Standardized Testing as Language Policy, NY, Multilingual Matters Press (pp 118-140) Samier Eugenie Angele, Stanley Adam (2008) Political Approaches to Educational Administration and Leadership, NY, Routledge, (pp 139-154) Peterson Paul E. , West Martin R. (2003) No Child Left Behind? The Politics and Practice of School Accountability, Brookings, Brookings Institution Press, (pp13-14) Smith Marilyn Cochran (2004) Walking the Road: Race, Diversity, and Social Justice in Teacher Teachers College Press (p 157) The white house, Foreword by President George W. Bush, retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, available at http://www. whitehouse. gov/news/reports/no-child-left-behind. html The White House, President Signs Landmark No Child Left Behind Education Bill, retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, available at http://www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020108-1. html Uzzell Lawrence A. (2005) No Child Left Behind: The Dangers of Centralized Education Policy, retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, available at http://www. cato. org/pub_display. php? pub_id=3769

Motor Speed Control Essay Example for Free

Motor Speed Control Essay Introduction and Objectives In this lab you will control the speed of a motor. Figure 1 shows the hardware setup, which is the same as for Week 1 of Lab 4. You will use the potentiometer on your evaluation board to set the desired speed of the motor, and you will control the speed through the PWM output of the HCS12. You will measure the speed of the motor using an input capture pin, and display the desired and actual speeds on the terminal. . 1. The Lab It is up to you how you design the system to accomplish the goal of this lab, nonetheless, here are some guidelines to assist you in ensuring proper operation of the system. 1. Build the circuit shown in Figure 1. 2. Design a real-time routine that gets executed every 8ms. Develop a method to verify the timing of that routine, e.g., increment LEDs. 3. Program the A/D converter to read the value from the pot either the one on the microcontroller board or an external one. In the routine developed in Part 1, read the A/D converter (use 8-bit mode). Again develop a method to display the results and verify the operation of the A/D converter as you change the input voltage. 4. Set up the PWM to generate a 50 kHz PWM signal on one of the four PWM channels. Set it up for high polarity. It will be easiest to set PWPERx to 255. Verify that the PWM works. In the real-time routine, write the eight most significant bits to the A/D value you read to PWDTYx. The motor speed should change as you use the pot to vary the voltage on the A/D. 5. Measure the speed of the motor by determining the time between two falling edges of the optical encoder. In your main program display this time on the LCD display. You can use floating point arithmetic to convert this time into RPM. Display the RPM value on the LCD display. What is the maximum motor speed? 6. Measure the speed for several different  duty cycles by varying the voltage with the pot. Plot speed vs. duty cycle. EE 308 New Mexico Tech Spring 2011 Figure 1: Using a PWM signal to adjust the speed of a motor. 7. Implement closed-loop speed control. The desired speed Sd should be Sd = (0.2 + 0.8 ·(AD/ADmax))  ·Smax where Smax is the motor speed at 100% duty cycle, AD is the A/D converter reading and ADmax is the maximum A/D converter reading. In this way you will be able to vary the speed between 20% and 100% of Smax. EE 308 New Mexico Tech Spring 2011 To set the motor at the desired speed you can use a simple equation (integral control) such as: DCnew = DCold + k ·(Sd − Sm) where Sm is the measured speed. Do this calculation inside the real-time routine, and write the new value to PWDTYx. Try different values of k to see how the motor responds. If k is too small, it will take a long time for the motor to get to its steady-state speed. If k is too large, the motor will be jerky as it tries to settle down to its steady-state speed. It will be much easier to do these calculations using floating point numbers rather than using integers. 8. Set the power voltage to 15V. Measure the motor speed for various values of input voltage to the A/D converter. Take about 10 equally-spaced measurements for input voltage between 0 and 5 V. Use the LCD display to show the raw A/D value and the raw counts between edges on the first line, and show the desired and actual speeds on the second line. 9. With the pot  set at about mid-range, vary the voltage of the voltage powering the motor (say between 8V and 14V). With closed-loop control the speed of the motor should stay the same. Verify that this is the case. 10. Using the data from Part 8, plot the speed in RPM vs. the input voltage from the pot ,i.e., convert the speed measurement in time difference between two falling edges to speed in RPM. 11. It is much more effective if you have the data from the previous part recorded automatically, this way you can observe the behavior of the controller and how long it takes to make the motor settle at the right speed. To do that change the BAUD rate to 115,200 then once every 8ms send the input capture difference to the serial port. Set Hyperterm to use 115,200 baud rate, capture the serial data and plot in MATLAB. Set the power voltage back to 15V. Rather than varying the PWM based on the pot, set it manually inside your code for a while and then change it to different value, this will create a step change in the desired set value, and can be used to determine the effectiveness of the controller. 12. Another type of controller that may be used is known as proportional controller. This type of controller, and unlike the integral type control, only uses the current measurements to set the output rather than accumulating any history. This is accomplished by DCnew = k ·(Sd − Sm) EE 308 New Mexico Tech Spring 2011 Similar to the previous step, collect the data due to a step change in the desired speed, and plot in MATLAB. Compare this proportional controller to the integral controller.

Quantitative And Qualitative Methodologies

Quantitative And Qualitative Methodologies This essay analyses the key viewpoints underpinning the theory and critically evaluate the suitability of quantitative and qualitative methodologies to undertake an empirical research into procurement practice through a literature review. However the way in which research is conducted may be conceived of in terms of the research philosophy subscribed to, the research strategy employed and so the research instruments utilised in the pursuit of a goal the research objectives and the quest for the solution of a problem the research question. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the research philosophy in relation to other philosophies; expound the research strategy, including the research methodologies and techniques that suits the proposed research aim (Jankowicz 2003a; Stevenson and Cooper 1997) The essay discusses the research philosophies; set out the approaches to research positivist and interpretivist; quantitative and qualitative studies, and how they are mixed. Denzin and Lincoln (1998) state that a research philosophy is a belief about the way in which data about a phenomenon should be gathered, analysed and used. The term epistemology (what is known to be true) as opposed to doxology (what is believed to be true) encompasses the various philosophies of research approach. Holden and Lynch (2004) argue that depending where the researcher sits on the continuum of these two extremes, their ontological stance will influence their core assumptions concerning the epistemology and human nature (Holden and Lynch 2004). However, Guyer and Wood (1998) argue that the purpose of science, then, is the process of transforming things believed into known: doxa to episteme. Creswell (2007) argue that before any type of research methodology or strategy is chosen, there should be a definition of what information is needed to respond to the research question. It is important to make explicit why one choose to collect information on a certain subject and not on another, and why choose to treat this case in the study and not the other (Creswell 2007). The research paradigm provides accepted methods of collecting data. The term paradigm refers to the progress of scientific practice based on peoples philosophies and assumptions about the world and the nature of knowledge (Collis and Hussey 2003, p:46) However, Jankowicz (2005) pointed out that the researcher must understand their own ontological position because it will determine what evidence is collected and what evidence is set aside in building the research argument, which is to do with ones epistemology. In the field of social science where the proposed research aim Supplier Relationship Management fits into, there has been increasing debate regarding the research methods and theory construction. Bryman et al (2008). Fish (1990) focused on the distinctions between and relative merits of the traditional objective or positivist approach and the alleged subjective approaches variously described as naturalistic, qualitative, phenomenological, and most recently interpretive. (Fish and Dorris 1990). Giorgi (1971) characterised traditional scientific approach as reductionistic, in reducing phenomena to operational definitions; deterministic, in that all phenomena are believed to have causes which can be duplicated; predictive, in that the goal is to predict behaviour; observer independent, in that the researcher tries not to influence the data; empirical, in that only observable data are to be examined; repeatable, so that the research can be replicated by other investigators; quantitative, in that the phenomena should be described in a measurable terms. So, traditional research examines variables in order to predict behaviour. (Giorgi, 1971) Giorgi (1971:21) posits that the essential question for the human science is not how do we measure phonomena? but rather, what do the phenomena mean? Hirschheim et al. (1985) state that both research traditions start in Classical Greek times with Plato and Aristotle (positivists) on the one hand, and the sophists (anti-positivists) on the other. After long, dark periods in European scientific thought, the renaissance of the discipline came in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (Hirschheim and Klein 1985). Sandberg (2004) as referred to in Weber (2004), state that the alleged differences between positivist and interpretive research approaches can be characterised in a number of ways. One could argue whether Sandberg characterisation would be accepted widely. However, before the two different approaches are analysed their differences needs to be explored (Weber 2004). Weber (2004) describes how positivism and interpretivism supposedly differ in terms of their various metatheoretical assumptions. Morgan and Smircich (1980) argues that the subjectivist ontological position maintains that reality does not exist outside oneself, that ones mind is ones world, hence reality is all imagination. The polemic position to that of the subjectivist is the objectivist ontological position, which is one of realism (Morgan and Smircich 1980) Weber (2004) asserts this argument and stated that positivist supposedly believe that reality is separate from the individual who observes it. They apparently consider subject (the researcher) and object (the phenomena in the world that are their focus) to be two separate, independent things. In short, positivistic ontology is alleged to be dualistic in nature. In contrast, interpretivists believe that reality and the individual who observes it cannot be separate (Weber 2004). In a nutshell, that the perceptions about the world are inextricably bound to a stream of experiences that one has had throughout our lives. The life-world has both subjective an objective characteristics. According to Holden and Lynch (2004) objectivists contend the world will still exist as an empirical entity, made up of hard tangible and relatively immutable structures, independent of the cognitive efforts of individuals. The objective characteristics reflect what one constantly negotiates this meaning with others with whom people interact. In other words, it is objective in the sense that it reflects an intersubjective reality (Holden and Lynch 2004). Kuhn (1970) added, for positivists the objects they research have qualities that exists independent of the researcher. However, interpretivists believe that the qualities they ascribe to the objects they research are socially constructed they are product of their life-worlds. (Kuhn, T. S. (1970) Lee (1989) and Dubà © et al (2003) assert this argument and state that positivists tend to use laboratory experiments, field experiments, and surveys as their preferred research methods. They seek large amount of empirical data that they can analyze statistically to detect underlying regularities. In the other hand, interpretivists tend to use case studies, ethnographic studies, phenomenographic studies, and ethnomethodological studies as their preferred research methods (Weber 2004). Easterby-Smith et al (1991) argue that objectivist content that the relationship between man and society is deterministic, we are born into a world in which there are causal laws that explain patterns of our social behaviour. Alternatively, Dubà © (2003) argues that a statement made by a researcher is true when it has a one-to-one mapping to the reality that exists beyond the human mind (a correspondence theory of truth). On the other hand, interpretivists subscribe to a notion of truth whereby a researchers initial interpretation of some phenomenon conforms to the meaning given to the phenomenon through the researchers lived experience of it (Weber 2004). Searle (1999) find the alleged differences between positivist and interpretivist in relation to ontology to be vacuous. He admits that some kind of reality exists beyond our perception of it! Kuhn (1970) recognises the inherent limitations of the knowledge they seek to build. Positivists understand fully that their culture, experience, history, and so on impact the research work they undertake and thus the results of their work. In Kuhns (19970) view, irrespective of whether researchers believe in an objective reality that exists beyond the human mind or a socially constructed reality, all accept that the artefacts they build to understand the world (theories, frameworks, constructs, etc) are socially constructed. Kuhn (1970) goes on to argue that research is a continuous journey to find improved ways to understand this reality. It is apparent from Lee (1989) and Dubà © (2003) argument that positivists researchers fully understand that we have no way of knowing the world as it really is, at least for the moment. In this light, pragmatically they can place little value on a theory of truth that relies on the level of correspondence between research statements they make and an unknowable thing (Weber 2004). Dubà © (2003) added, there are no differences between positivist notions of validity and interpretivist notions of validity. The position of the Author in this debate leans toward notion that tries to measure reality in a research. There is no way of knowing reality, so how can one know whether his measure of reality, whatever reality might be, is valid? What is believed to be a reality at one particular point in time, may change, for example, with new knowledge, at a later point in time, therefore it was never a true reality originally then! Fundamentally, the Author sees little difference in positivist and interpretivist notions of reliability. Both groups of researches are concerned ultimately with the idea of replicability. In the case of positivists, the strategies and methods for achieving replicability are more straightforward because the research methods they tend to use are well-defined and routinized. Weber (2004) argue that in the case of interpretivists, replicability is a more-difficult goal to achieve because the research methods they tend to use are less well-defined and the subjective nature of interpretation is acknowledged explicitly. For these reasons, interpretivists try to lay out clearly their research methods and ways in which they have achieved certain kinds of interpretations. (Weber, 2004). Klein and Myers (1999) questioned whether there is any difference between positivism and interpretivism. The Author believes that the differences lie more in the choice of the research methods rather than any substantive differences at a methatheoretical level. In this regard, researchers who labelled themselves as positivists tend to use certain kinds of research methods in their work experiments, surveys, and field studies. Interpretivists, on the other hand, tend to use other kinds of research methods in their work case studies, ethnographic studies, phenomenographic studies, and ethnomethodological studies (Klein and Myers 1999). The researcher believes that there are large-scale social forces affecting and influencing individuals interpretations and behaviour (Collis and Hussey 2003). Although there are a number of variations in terminology, the majority of literature appear to use the terminology positivist to describe the quantitative approach, which is objective in nature as mentioned in this essay, and employs inductive research methods; and interpretivist to describe the quantitative approach which is subjective in nature and employs deductive research methods. (Davies, 1968). The issue of quality and quality criteria in social science research is a topic that has become increasingly prominent in methodological discussions in recent years. Gurtler and Huber (2006) argue that qualitative and quantitative methodology textbooks as well as research reports often use ambiguous language in the sense that many formulations cannot be assigned unequivocally to one of the main methodological orientations (Gurtler and Huber 2006). However, Gilmore and Carson (1996) argue that the adaptability and flexibility of qualitative research methods and techniques throughout the entire research process have many advantages. For example, at an early exploratory stage of research, qualitative methods allow the researcher to become familiar with the area(s) of interest, explore the fields and consider the dimensions involved because of their open-ended, non-pre-ordained nature (Gilmore and Carson 1996). Cohen and Manion (1994) as referred in Milliken (2001), who identified two competing views of the social sciences, modify this perspective. One view posits that social sciences are essentially the same as natural sciences and are therefore concerned with discovering natural and universal laws regulating and determining individual and social behaviour (Milliken 2001). The other view emphasises how people differ from inanimate natural phenomena and from each other, while sharing the rigour of the natural sciences and the same concern of traditional social science to describe and explain human behaviour. Hunt (1994) supported by Van Eijkelenburg (1995) argued that it is time for the advocates of both qualitative and qualitative methods to declare a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦rhetorical cease-fire (Van Eijkelenburg 1995). Kirk and Miller (1986) advocated that qualitative research is implicitly orientated to the question of validity. The polemic approach to quantitative research is qualitative research. Medawar (1969) argues It is no use looking to scientific papers for they not only merely conceal but actively misrepresent the reasoning that goes into the work they describe (Medawar 1969). However, Crescentini and Mainnardi (2009) state that what makes a research question a qualitative one is precisely the nature of this combination: qualitative goals are different from quantitative ones, and qualitative questions are asked in a particular way and refer to qualitative contents. The peculiarities of qualitative goals reside in the way the question is framed a need to describe, verify or understand. A qualitative research question must explore a qualitative argument in a qualitative way. The question has to be grounded in a qualitative argument. (Crescentini and Mainnardi 2009) Some literatures suggest that there is quite often a mismatch between the rationale for combining quantitative and qualitative research and how it is used in practice. (Bryman 2009). Fisher (2004) makes an interesting observation on the subject of mixing methods. If you take a realist stance, then aspects of an interpretivist approach could be brought in as useful adjunct to the research. But they also claim that the reverse is not true. If you are doing interpretivist research, then there is no way that an element of realism (or more seriously an element of positivism) can add to it. This is because of the positivists view of the world i.e. things are real and can be measured, which would totally contradict the interpretivist perspective of the world. Robson (1993) argues that triangulation in its various forms, or multiple methods, of obtaining information can be valuable if two sources give the same message, then to some extent they cross-validate each other and provide a means of testing one source of information against other sources which results in more credible results. According to Denzin (1978:291) triangulation as a form of combination of methodologies in the study of the same phenomenon has become more widely accepted now as a means of ensuring validity. There is a distinct tradition in the literature on social science research methods that advocates the use of multiple methods. This form of research strategy is usually described as one of convergent methodology, multimethod/multitrait (Campbell and Fiske, 1959). Jick (1979) argue that these various notions share the conception that qualitative and quantitative methods should be viewed as complementary rather than as rival camps. In fact, most textbooks underscore the desirability of mixing methods given the strengths and weaknesses found in single method designs. Yet those who most strongly advocate triangulation (e.g., Webb et al., 1966; Smith, 1975; Denzin 1978) fail to indicate how this prescribed triangulation is actually performed and accomplished. However, Gill and Johnson (2002) claim that multi methods are infrequently applied mainly due to the fact that multi methods are extremely time consuming and can be costly. Indeed, they argue that where methods are well separated from one another, this approach would be impracticable (op cit). Despite this view, Easterby-Smith et at (1991) argue that in recent decades there has been a move towards researchers developing methods and approaches (triangulation) that provide a middle ground and some bridging between the two extreme viewpoints. Triangulation of methods certainly appears to be gaining support and as Hussey and Hussey (1997) point out, triangulation can overcome the potential bias and sterility of single method approaches. Rohner (1977) argue that in all various triangulations designs one basic assumption is buried. The effectiveness of triangulation rests on the premise that the weaknesses in each single method will be compensated by the counter-balancing strengths of another. The proposed research aim, as mentioned early in this essay, is the Supplier Relationship Management. As the research will require use of e-survey, semi-structured and structured interview the mixed method approach revealed to be the most suitable. There are both quantitative and qualitative research elements in the research. There are quantitative data deriving from the e-survey and there are qualitative data deriving from answers to open questions in the e-survey and the semi-structured interviews. The chief rational for using this combination of sources of data is that it was felt from the literature review for this essay, that a complete picture could not be generated by any one method alone. Each source of data represents an important piece in a jigsaw. (Bryman, et al 2008).