Summer Writing Assignment †College Essay Free Essays

Among all the characters that I have encountered in books and movies, one persona stood out as the one I want to emulate the most. He went by the name Equality 7-2521 from the novel entitled â€Å"Anthem† by Ayn Rand. He appealed me the moment I read the book because he embodied what I am striving to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Summer Writing Assignment – College Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now His personality was the quintessence of the qualities I needed to be successful. When I read the book, I was utterly impressed by his determination, intelligence, and more importantly, his perseverance as an individual. He has a significant influence on me and I find him a great source of inspiration to struggle harder in the complexities of life. It was during my sophomore year that I read the book â€Å"Anthem.† At that time, I was in a predicament over whether I should concentrate on schooling or finding a part-time job. The reason why I had such qualms was that even I made endeavors to complete my school works properly and attempted to attain high scores, my poor English proficiency derailed my plans. I was discouraged by the inconsistency of my efforts and grades printed in my report card. The course of things changed when I read â€Å"Anthem.† I was impressed by the characteristics of Equality 7-2521, the protagonist in the novel. The story was set in a fictional world which was dominated by collectivism. Equality 7-2521, who was seeking for self-identification, struggled in a society that rejected individualism in favor of collectivism. Equality 7-2521 discovered a tunnel where he began hiding regularly to conduct scientific experiments. Later on, he invented the light bulb and decided to share his device with the World Council of Scholars, even though he knew the way he came to discover electricity was illegal and sinful. Subsequently, Equality 7-2521’s presentation of the light bulb to the World Council of Scholars permanently severed him from society and forced him out on his own. The reason that the World Council of Scholars made this decision was that collectivism does not allow people to think or work individually but jointly. As a result, Equality 7-2521 was exiled yet he did not stop pursuing his goal. He kept studying in the woods and eventually discovered the meaning of individualism and the word â€Å"I.† As I read the book thoroughly, I realized the qualities that I must possess in order to achieve my ambitions. Equality 7-2521 had a worse situation than mine, but by the virtue of his positive attributes, he successfully pulled off his discovery. He believed in individualism and rejected the collectivist society around him. He was insightful, perseverant, truth-seeking, resolute, and intelligent. He was deeply curious and desired freedom to explore and think, and he was unafraid of the society of mindless drones around him. Equality 7-2521 represented the superiority of a singular intellect to the homogeneity of the masses, who could not think of themselves and were indistinguishable from one another. I plan to get a high score as well. I believe I could reach my aspirations if I exemplify the qualities that Equality 7-2521 had. The strong and firm character Equality 7-2521 held inspired me every time I face a dilemma in real life. Equality 7-2521’s story assured me that nothing is impossible and that I can succeed too even in my simple but unrelenting ways. Along this line, I should stay focused on my work and studies, and possibly make a significant improvement in the coming marking period. He had a tremendous impact on my personality, not only in my study habits, but also in the determination to confront difficulties. Whoever and whatever I am now, I owe it for the most part to Equality 7-2521 for transforming me to the kind of person I never imagined I could ever be. Life indeed is like a roller coaster with ups and downs to render it more interesting and breathtaking. And above all, what is of the essence is that Equality 7-2521 indirectly made me complete and unexpectedly happy as well. How to cite Summer Writing Assignment – College Essay, Essays

Role Of Leaders In Managing Performance And Accountability

Question: Using this weeks lesson and article by DeVany (click here) as a start, locate three research studies that deal with the management of people with their individual differences and diverse personalities. Use online, peer-reviewed journal research (case study research is preferred) to inform your writing. Summarize the takeaways from the articles that can support greater skill in managing people. Answer: Introduction The article discusses 15 roles that managers require in playing managing performance and accountability. Among other roles involves coach, team captain as well as cheerleader. It helps in providing advisable steps as well as approaches in considering by leaders in performance and accountability management. Addition to that, it includes undertaking of performance reviews as well as accountability management for usage of leadership and communication skills for conducting regular meetings (Reber, 2014). Role of Leaders in managing performance and accountability The above article is written by Chris DeVany focusing on connecting data for managing performance (DeVany, 2013). At the time of managing performance as well as accountability, most of the front-line managers take various roles for interacting with people. Managers require playing large variety of roles like coaching, parenting, resource allocator as well as detective and gladiator for future analysis purpose. Modeling behavior involves closeness relationship behind managing performance as well as ensuring accountability for helping in increasing the level of performance. Leaders should be effective spokesperson for managing performance and ensuring accountability for future analysis purpose (Christensen et al., 2014). Managers should be identifying the underlying problems as well as determining causes with effective solutions at the same time. The main role of negotiator is to ask for manager guidance as well as resolving conflicts in the upcoming years. Parenting guidance asks for managers for asking extreme support for supporting as well as nurturing employees. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is easy to gather facts on leaders role in performance management and accountability attributes. The above analysis helps in understanding that leaders are good fortuneteller who projects trends as well as recommend the best course of future action. . This study deals with discussion on matters relating to managing performance as well as accountability. All leaders can be efficient managers but not all managers can be a leader. The previous statement proves that leaders possess the require skills and knowledge that particular business organization requires for dealing its activities in the most appropriate way. Reference List Christensen, L. J., Mackey, A., Whetten, D. (2014). Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, sustaining, or avoiding socially responsible firm behaviors. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(2), 164-178. DeVany, C. (2013) 15 Roles Leaders Play to Manage Performance and Accountability. THE PUBLIC MANAGER, pp, 31-33 Reber, B. H. (2014). STRATEGIES AND TACTICS LEADERS USE TO MANAGE ISSUES. Public Relations Leaders as Sensemakers: A Global Study of Leadership in Public Relations and Communication Management, 80.

Strategic Management Business Evaluation Approach

Question: Describe about the Strategic Management for Business Evaluation Approach. Answer: Introduction Strategic management is an approach to evaluate, implement as well as formulate managerial decisions in such a way that the organizations can be able to achieve its goals and objectives. In this paper, strategic management of Tesco has been analyzed. Tesco is the largest food retailers in the world with around 2318 stores. This essay represents the discussion about the theoretical concepts of strategic management. With the help of theories of strategic management the managerial decision of Tesco can be evaluated in the essay. Strategic management of Tesco Strategic management is an approach to formulate, implement and evaluate managerial decisions in such a way that the firm can accomplish their business successfully as well as fulfill their aims and objectives (Sadler, 2003). This approach is quite effective in dealing with the huge range of factors which affects the ability of the industry to develop. This approach improves the preparation for unexpected internal demands. It contains strategic formulation, strategic implementation as well as environmental scanning; internally, and externally. This is an approach which concentrates on production, marketing, computer information system, finance and management for achieving organizational goals (Saltzer Kaashoek, 2009). As for example when Tesco begins its business, the management of Tesco set their aims and goals as well as numerous kinds of methods to accomplish all goals (Commodities, 2009). So, strategic management is the approach used by Tesco for achieving its objectives. Tesco is the largest retailer company in the UK, and second largest in the world. This company has more than 2318 stores in around 14 countries and employing over 326000 people. It also offers online services via its subsidiary. The motives of this company are to provide technical as well as superior representations (Jeyarathnam, 2008). The company adds value to its goods and services as well as adds value to its customers by offering an attractive and effective solution to their customers procurement and customers design. This organization provides employment opportunities to numerous individuals at a different level. PESTEL analysis of Tesco For evaluating the managerial decisions and competitive advantage of the firm, there are mainly six forces which Tesco responses in order to influence its managerial decisions (Carroll, 2004). Such forces contain political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. Political forces As Tesco operates globally with various stores around the world, the firms performance is quite influenced politically as well as by the authorities conditions because every nation has its own rules and regulations (Talen, 2012). For the employment authorization, the authority influences retailers to offer a combination of job opportunities from locally based jobs to highly skilled. Tesco understands that retailing has a huge effect on jobs and people, so for this, the company recruits good amount of citizens in their stores (Yksel, 2012). The political forces influence the specified company to recruit individuals for job opportunities. The examination of political factors has enhanced the organizations profits as it led the company to understand the taxation policies of foreign lands, which has its influence on the operations of the business. Economic forces Economic forces influence Tesco in terms of profits, demands, prices and costs. The high unemployment level is one of the most influential factors on the economy because it reduces the operational demand for various products, unfavorably impacting the demand need to manufacture products (Eriksson, 2010). The recent economic growth has an impact on the purchasing power of buyers which reduces the amount of sales made by Tesco. Moreover, the income level in the UK is relatively inadequate which makes few individuals fail to afford the goods provided by the organization. Social forces There is a quite powerful demographic force in the world as well as local markets. In this, population growth is one of the significant and interesting forces for the marketers in towns, cities etc. Growing population does not create capable markets for the manufactured commodities (Salazar Sawyer, 2007). Apart from population growth, location is another most significant factor which is determined by the marketers because many purchasers are identified in the urban location in comparison to rural location. So, Tesco layouts are strategically located in areas where capable purchasers are strongly targeted. Technological forces In the world of business competition, product and service standardization, as well as their quality, is more preferable by the consumers and those companies gain most consumers. Here, standardization of products or services is improved by technological advancements and Tesco is doing the same (Kash Rycroft, 2002). The speed of technology is quite rapid that the employees of the company are able to learn technological innovations for improving their performance in the organizations. Innovation is quite influential in Tesco which has helped the industry in order to improve its competitive advantage in the entire globe. Environmental force There has been growing campaigns on environmental preservation in the whole world and therefore there are also many organizations are aimed to preserve the environment, as much pollution hazardous to the environment is done by the organizational industries. In order to maintain as well as preserve the environment, Tesco utilizes licensed waste disposal services (Bortman, 2003). The customers are also quite aware of the effects of polluted environment so they purchase goods which have been manufactured by environmental friendly matters. Legal forces In the UK there is competitive legislation which is formed under the Competition Act 1998; this impacts over the behaviors of industries in the country because there is a performance in that they have to compete. It is a demand for the entire industries in the nation in order to stand with the legislation and here Tesco is also included (Verloop, 2013). Tesco actually deals with selling drinks and foods so the company has to stand with the Health and Safety Laws in the nation. SWOT Analysis of Tesco SWOT analysis signifies the internal and external strength of any organizations by observing its strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats; Tesco is also utilizing this analysis for observing its strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats which are as follows: Strengths Tesco is majorly operating numerous stores in the entire world, which help it to begin operating in the global markets in order to gain maximum numbers of consumers (SWOT analysis, 2008). Tesco currently involved in advertising its goods online where its consumers are able to know about products as well as buy it online. The goods produced by Tesco are of the high standard which eventually attracts the maximum numbers of consumers (Joekes Evans, 2008). There also has been modification where Tesco provides clothing as well as food and drinks products which help the organization in order to compete with its competitors. Weakness For distributing the products or services Tesco utilizes much fossil fuel mainly in transporting networking as it is not entirely formed to have shops in every country of the world (Arnould, Price, Zinkhan, 2004). Moreover, Tesco only aims in developed countries by excluding underdeveloped and developing countries which form capable consumers for their goods. Opportunities The current innovation and advancement in technology provide Tesco quite an excellent opportunity for utilizing internet connection for selling its goods. The internet is the maximum utilized technology in Tesco as it is able to gain numerous consumers even in locations where there are no shops (Young, 2002). There is also an opportunity for establishing alliance suppliers for reducing distribution as well as production cost. Associations are more required in the company as it shares resources by do not fear about the risk of any development and growth. Threats Every organization concerned about taxes in the country, same as Tesco concerned about taxes in UK and countries where it has its stores. There is stiff competition in the retailing market which is pretended by Tesco competitors like ASDA and Sainsbury. So innovation and advancement is other organization is a threat for Tesco. Three Strategic Management Theories by Tesco Strategic management theory is basically a system of ideas for explaining the origin, principles, evolution of strategic management. In todays competitive world, strategic management is of great importance for any firm in order to come up with a strategy which will evaluate organizations managerial decisions as well as the competitive advantage (Durand, 2006). The strategic management theory usually is said as the system of ideas that intends to summarize the principles and procedures of strategic management. The three theoretical concept of Strategic Management about Tesco are as follows: Contingency Theory The contingency theory induces the ideas that there are no approaches for managing organizations. It is based on the favorability. Tesco has specified their leaders work in their style of preference so that they can become more effective in their respective field or department (Donaldson, 2001). Though this approach has criticized the theoretical base, it remains as an important point in the contribution of understanding effective and efficient leadership. Tesco contingency approach has leaded the company to strengthen their communication between subordinate ability and leadership style. Profit maximization and strategic based theory This theory or concept is based on the belief that business enterprise aims to maximize their profit for long terms and also to gain a competitive advantage over other same businesses. The perspective of industrial companies is based on this theory as the concept examines the company external market situation for attaining sustainable competitive advantage. Here the maximum profits which are surplus above the average cost of production. Tesco has appropriately chosen both its inputs and outputs for attaining the objective of realizing maximum economic profit. The specified company applies Maslows theory of motivation to internally encourage their staffs and employees so that it can achieve its desired sales and profits. Resource-based Theory The resource-based theory is a technique to analyze the resources as an important aspect of the superior performance of the company. The VRIO attributes of Tesco has led it to gain sustainable competitive advantage. According to this theory, the attributes of this enables a company to examine the sources of competitive advantage within it, rather than looking at the competitive environment for it. The theory relies on the tangible and intangible resources of the company and must be heterogeneous and immobile. All these resources should also have VRIO attributes to provide competitive advantage. The resource-based theory of strategic management of Tesco, has led it to give resources the major role in order to achieve developed organizational performance. Tesco has valuable and rare resources that help it to gain competitive advantage. How theoretical concepts of strategic management influence managerial practices in Tesco A well-organized strategic plan increases the performance, decision-making process, and changes in the business and also contributes in the strategic direction of the company. For the formal managerial process, strategic plan includes the order of analytical procedures to express a planned strategy. It also brings into line the main objectives, planning, and policies and the allocation of resources to attain organizational goals. The strategic management of Tesco has led the decision makers of the company to advance their respective roles. They are told to must perform some duties of a ceremonial nature to have smooth functioning in the procedures of the organization. This responsibility has also led the managers to involve their leadership directly in order to encompass a relationship with subordinates by providing them encouragement. The strategic management has also influenced the managers to create contacts inside as well as outside of the organization with wide range of peoples. Recommendations that would enhance Strategic Management of Tesco For a business enterprise, the most important thing to achieve successful performance is the understanding of their performance and their competitors, and this could only be done by an appropriate strategic management. Though the strategic plan of Tesco are quite good, there are still many left where the company could focus for improving their strategic plan. The company should structure their planning sessions to reflect and examine their desired or planned contribution level. The company should also create a specific agenda to manage their time frame. It should also target its annual budget process to drive alignment of its key strategic initiatives. The management of the company should also monitor their procedures and commitment towards the customers in defined periodic intervals. The head administrators of the company shall also recruit high-potential employees and assigned them to each team before the work starts. The specified company should also incorporate their views of the ir customers so that they can enhance their customer service management. The departmental managers of the Tesco should start their planning process by deliberately identifying their strategic issues to have a great impact on the result in the future. Developing an effective strategic planning that suits the process of the organization will drive the best from it. Conclusion It has been concluded in this paper that Tesco uses PESTEL, SWOT analysis for evaluating influential managerial decisions. The firm also applied various strategic theories to encourage its managerial decisions. For achieving a maximum field in competition than its rivals, Tesco needs to improve the management to get sure about entire stores that it is well managed or not, so that standard services provided to their customers. The organization need to influence their employees advancement for competing with other organization. Tesco should also enhance its store population by establishing new layout in different nations to attain maximum consumers. References Arnould, E., Price, L., Zinkhan, G. (2004). Consumers. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Bortman, M. (2003). Environmental encyclopedia. Detroit: Gale. Commodities. (2009). [Mosman]. Carroll, K. (2004). Property rights and managerial decisions in for-profit, nonprofit, and public organizations. Basingstoke, Hampshire [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. Donaldson, L. (2001). The contingency theory of organizations. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Durand, R. (2006). Organizational evolution and strategic management. London: SAGE. Eriksson, T. (2010). Advances in the economic analysis of participatory and labor-managed firms. Bingley: Emerald. Jeyarathnam, M. (2008). Strategic management. Mumbai: Himalaya Pub. House. Joekes, S. Evans, P. (2008). Competition and development. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. Kash, D. Rycroft, R. (2002). Emerging patterns of complex technological innovation. Technological Forecasting And Social Change, 69(6), 581-606. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1625(01)00171-8 Salazar, A. Sawyer, S. (2007). Handbook of information technology in organizations and electronic markets. New Jersey: World Scientific. Sadler, P. (2003). Strategic management. Sterling, VA: Kogan Page. Saltzer, J. Kaashoek, F. (2009). Principles of computer system design. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann. SWOT analysis. (2008). [Washington, D.C.]. Talen, E. (2012). City rules. Washington, DC: Island Press. Verloop, J. (2013). Success in innovation. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Young, M. (2002). Internet. New York: Osborne/McGraw-Hill. Yksel, I. (2012). Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for PESTEL Analysis. IJBM, 7(24). https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n24p52

The Names Of The Various Styles And Types Of Music Essays

The names of the various styles and types of music culturally associated with my country are at first there is folk music and then there is urban music then comes all the advanced music which is mostly are immitated from American music. But the music that would define my country is folk music and most of the folk music are sang by the poor people in the country but some of the rich people also sings folk music but they consider singing it as a hobby. But the popular folk music in Bangladesh are sang by the people that were poor and got higher in society by singing folk music. But urban music is written and sang by regular people in Bangladesh. Before urban music was invented or came to Bangladesh, folk music was popular to everyone starting from little kids to older people. But when urban music came and or was invented in Bangladesh most of the people started to like urban music because it had new instrument such as tabla, harmoniam, bashi and etc. All these instruments are made and played in Bengali urban music. But when advanced music came people forgot about folk music but they did listen to urban music and they rocked with advanced music. Advanced music is the same music that puff daddy sings and Madonna sings and the music that is sang by all the other popular singer but what Bengali people does is that they take all the instrumental sounds from all the popular song in America and they pay other people in Bangladesh to sing and they pay them the half the money that they make. Now most of the people in Bangladesh are into advanced music and most of the advanced music is sang by guys that are 20, 21, 23 and guys that drop high school and don't graduate but they get into music business. Folk music can only be defined as voices and the people that sang most of the folk music used nothing but an instrument called "aktara". But urban music can be defined as abstract music with tone color, and some of them has accent. Most of the advanced music is abstract music and has a beat, tempo, dynamic and orchestration but 75 percent of the advanced music is immitated from this country. All of these music are danced to except folk music but most of the people dances to urban music and the dance is called indian dance because it's immitated from indian songs and people dances to it because they think it's hip and it's fun. But most of the older people like my grand parents likes folk music but hates urban and advanced music. There is no different music in different part of my country because the same music is heard and danced to in the whole country but except in India because India is kind of faster and kind of advanced in music than Bangladesh. So most of the Bangladeshian music is immitated from all over the world. But people that are poor doesn't listen to no music except listens to the people that goes around town and sings folk music. Most of the people in Bangladesh that lives in village still thinks folk music are popular and when they goes visit the city in Bangladesh and which is Dhaka gets amazed by all the urban and advanced music. The instrument that is used in folk music is called "Aktara". Aktara is a coconut skull that has two wooden sticks at the side and kind of shaped like a triangle and has a string from the middle that is hooked to the two sticks at the top and it makes funny noice which is very popular in Bangladesh. Urban music uses tabla which is like a drum but it's not. It's two little round thing which you got to hit with your hands to make noices like drums but it's similar to drum. Then there is harmoniam which makes noice like piano but it's half the size of piano and then comes bashi which is the almost the same as woodwind. My family does listen to urban music but my grand parents only listens to folk music. But

Types Of Love In Romeo And Juliet Essays - , Term Papers

Types of love in Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is a play about two lovers separated by their feuding families. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life.(Pro.I.6) The two foes Shakespeare speaks of are the Montagues and the Capulets. Their hate for each other is great and violent. The hate of the two families is shown early with a street brawl. The hate causes the lovers to hide their love from their families until the very end. after Romeo and Juliet died in the Caplulet tomb the two families see their hate and reconcile for the love of their beloved children. Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet reviled love as a war as a religion as a malady and as a cult. The theme of love, which he explains in other keys in plays before and after remain central, though now it is to idealized in all seriousness(Sauffer 29). All through the play Shakespeare constantly held love as the basis of the play. The actual ethical energy of the drama resides in its Wise,2 realization of the purity and intensity of ideal love. Here there is no swerving(Stauffer 32). Stauffer believes that Romeo and Juliet's love was pure and intense also it is constant ever since the they lay eyes on each other. Romeo and Juliet's love is a perfect blending of body and soul. The obstacle which is a feature of the amour-passion legend is partly external, the family feud; but is partly a sword of the lovers' won tempering since, unlike earlier tellers of the story, Shakespeare leaves us with no explanation of why Romeo did not put Juliet on his horse and make for Manturia(Mahood 392). If Romeo would leave Verona with his love Juliet both will live with each other and could be in love till they are old and gray, but instead Romeo leaves with out his love and die young with each other. The love of Romeo and Juliet is immediate violent and final. In the voyage of the play they abandon themselves to a rudderless course that must end in ship wreck(Mahood 392). "Thou desperate pilot, now at once run on the dashing rocks, thy sea sick weary burke: He eres my Louve."(V.iiii 117-119) The theme of Romeo and Juliet is love and violence and their interactions. In it these two mightiest of mighty opposites meet each other squarely - and one wins(Goddard 118). The whole secrete of the play is that the deaths of Wise,3 the lovers are not the result of the hatred of the houses, nor of any other cause except love itself, which seeks death in its own restoring cordial. Love conquers death even more surly than it defeats hate. It sweeps aside all accidents so that fate itself seems powerless. Time is defeated, in that first stirring of a belief that Shakespeare came later to trust completely: that the intensity of an emotion towers above its temporal duration or success(Stauffer 32). What Stauffer is trying to say is that love is very powerful and even in death the love continues. Romeo finds Juliet's sleeping body after she had drank the potion, and he believes her to be dead. Romeo is slain when Juliet wakes up from here sleep. Out of fear and love she inserts a dagger into her heart with the famous line "Oh happy dagger". Even though the two lovers are dead their love continues. The love between Romeo and Juliet was forbidden by the two families because of their hatred for each other. Most religions say to honor your parents and if their parents new of the love it could have been disaterious. After Juliet marries Romeo the Nurse tries to convince Juliet to commit bigamy. She wants here to marry Paris so that all will be right with here father and the rest of the Capulet family, Juliet refuses. Wise,4 At the time Romeo meets Juliet, he is infatuated with a woman named Roseline. Romeo's moon struck calf-love for Rosaline must be laughed out of him by his friends Benvolio and Mercutio, by his guide Friar Lawrence and by his own true love. For Romeo doting upon Rosalin, love was malady and religion; for Mercutio it is sheer lunacy or a brutal conquest(Mahood 398). Mercutio's realm of love was lust, also very false by nature. For all the bad things the be said about lust, it is where all the jokes are and Mercutio being a joker used it to his full advantage. In trying to call Romeo over the wall, he tried a certain amount of discussion about Rosline's body

Free Essays on Life Experiences And The Effects They Have On Writings

Life Experiences and the Effects they have on Writings Disciples of New Criticism claim that an author and their background have no bearing on the interpretations of the author’s work. Walt Whitman and Langston Hughes are just two examples, of many, why New Criticism should be disputed. The works of Whitman and Hughes are filled with experiences from their pasts that can be found both directly and indirectly in their poems. Were it not for the experiences that these two authors had during their lives many, if not all, of the passion that they put into their poetry would have been lost or compromised. In â€Å"Cavalry Crossing a Ford† Walt Whitman draws on many life experiences that provide both realism and conviction to the poem. The poem indicates that a group of Northern soldiers are crossing a stream after a victorious battle during the Civil War. Whitman is able to give an accurate description of these events because during the war â€Å"Whitman was overcome with the carnage he beheld and settled in Washington, D.C., where for the duration of the war he ministered without pay to sick and wounded soldiers† (Olsen-Smith). â€Å"Cavalry Crossing a Ford† is not only about the North winning the Civil War, it is also about Whitman’s views on what the country has allowed itself to become. Being from the North it is only natural that Whitman would write about the soldiers that he witnesses go into battle. While he never comes out and says â€Å"Cavalry Crossing a Ford† is written about the soldiers of the Union, Whitman makes it clear that the soldiers from the North are the subjects of the poem. It does not become clear that these are the people Whitman is writing about until the end of the poem, when he says of them, â€Å"Some emerge on the opposite bank, others are just entering the ford – while, / Scarlet and blue and snowy white, / The guidon flags flutter gaily in the wind† (Whitman Lines 5-7). The colors that Whitman s... Free Essays on Life Experiences And The Effects They Have On Writings Free Essays on Life Experiences And The Effects They Have On Writings Life Experiences and the Effects they have on Writings Disciples of New Criticism claim that an author and their background have no bearing on the interpretations of the author’s work. Walt Whitman and Langston Hughes are just two examples, of many, why New Criticism should be disputed. The works of Whitman and Hughes are filled with experiences from their pasts that can be found both directly and indirectly in their poems. Were it not for the experiences that these two authors had during their lives many, if not all, of the passion that they put into their poetry would have been lost or compromised. In â€Å"Cavalry Crossing a Ford† Walt Whitman draws on many life experiences that provide both realism and conviction to the poem. The poem indicates that a group of Northern soldiers are crossing a stream after a victorious battle during the Civil War. Whitman is able to give an accurate description of these events because during the war â€Å"Whitman was overcome with the carnage he beheld and settled in Washington, D.C., where for the duration of the war he ministered without pay to sick and wounded soldiers† (Olsen-Smith). â€Å"Cavalry Crossing a Ford† is not only about the North winning the Civil War, it is also about Whitman’s views on what the country has allowed itself to become. Being from the North it is only natural that Whitman would write about the soldiers that he witnesses go into battle. While he never comes out and says â€Å"Cavalry Crossing a Ford† is written about the soldiers of the Union, Whitman makes it clear that the soldiers from the North are the subjects of the poem. It does not become clear that these are the people Whitman is writing about until the end of the poem, when he says of them, â€Å"Some emerge on the opposite bank, others are just entering the ford – while, / Scarlet and blue and snowy white, / The guidon flags flutter gaily in the wind† (Whitman Lines 5-7). The colors that Whitman s...

Discuss the formation of ATP during glycolysis The WritePass Journal

Discuss the formation of ATP during glycolysis Introduction Discuss the formation of ATP during glycolysis IntroductionConclusionRelated Introduction Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that is found in the cytosol of cells in all living organisms it breaks down glucose, a simple sugar to pyruvate. This unique process can take place when there is oxygen available and also when there is no oxygen available under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In 1987 Hans Buchner and Eduard Buchner accidently came across something new. What they were interested in was manufacturing cell-free extracts of yeasts or clinical use. Sucrose was added to preserve the extracts. This is where they discovered something un-usual. The cell free extract converted the sucrose to ethanol. This showed that metabolism can happen outside of living cells. This investigation had led to several scientists to inspect the breakdown of glucose more thoroughly. In the 1930s, Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof and Jacob Parnes concluded that the breakdown of glucose consists of ten steps. Each one of these steps is broken down by another enzyme. Now researchers have concluded that glycolysis is the preferred way of or the breakdown of glucose in; archea, bacteria and eukaryotes. These steps of glycolysis are all the same in mostly all living organisms. This says that glycolysis was involved in the evolution of life on our planet. Glycolysis is separated in to three phases. The first section in known as endergonic reaction that needs ATP which is also known as energy investment. In the first phase, glucose is very stable and not broken down easily. It consists for three steps. These steps are when two ATP molecules are hydrolyzed to form fructose-1, 6-biphosphate. Step one is where glycolysis starts with a reaction where glucose receives a phosphate group from an ATP molecule. The ATP acts as both a phosphate and also the energy needed to attach the phosphate to the molecule of glucose. ATP is converted to ADP and becomes the ADP of the cell until it is converted into ATP again. The phosphorylated glucose is called glucose-6-phosphate which in turn makes it more reactive. (It is more easily trapped in the cell compared to glucose). Step two is where the structure of glucose-6-phosphate undergoes another reaction where the hydrogen and the oxygen atoms are rearranged. The reaction is where glucose-6-phosphate i s converted to its isomer which is fructose-6-phosphate. The third step is where another ATP donates a phosphate to the molecule. This forms fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate. The phosphate groups are now bound at carbon one and six, this means that the molecule is ready to split. The second phases is known as the cleavage phase which consists of two steps. This is where a six carbon sugar is broken down into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. At step four, fructose-1, 6-biphosphate is then split into two 3 carbon sugars. These are glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Step five is where dihydroxyacetone phosphate is converted to its isomer which is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to increase the metabolism in glycolysis. This means that the products in glycolysis at this point are two molecules of G3P. This can be summarised by: Glucose (six carbon compound) + 2 ATP 2 G3P (three carbon compound) + 2ADP The third phase is known as exergonic reaction or the liberation phase where ATP and NADH are released. This is where the two glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate molecules are catalyzed to form two pyruvate molecules, which produces two molecules of NADH and four molecules of ATP, because the two molecules of ATP are used up in the endergonic reaction which needs ATP, the net yield of ATP is two molecules. The net reaction of glycolysis can be shown below: C6H12O6   + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP2- + 2 Pi2 2 CH3 (C=O) COO + 2 H+ + 2 NADH + 2 ATP4- + 2 H2O Glucose  Ã‚   Pyruvate In the third phase there are five steps. The first step is where, each glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate encounters dehydrogenation with NAD+ as the hydrogen acceptor. The resulting factor of this reaction is phosphoglycerate. This then reacts positively with inorganic phosphate present in the cytosol to produce 1,3-biphosphoglycerate. NADH is produced. In 1,3-biphosphoglycerate a phosphate group is de-activated (upper left) which means that the bond will break in a very high exergonic reaction. The next step is where a phosphate is removed from 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to produce 3-phosphoglycerate. The phosphate that is removed is transferred to ADP to produce ATP. The phosphate group in 3-phosphoglycerate is transferred to produce 2-phosphoglycerate. This is done by the enzymatic shift enzymatic shift of the phosphate group. This is known as a preparation reaction. Next a water molecule is removed from the 2-phosphoglycerate which forms phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). This product has a phospha te group attached by a bond that is not stable which means that the, bond will break in a high exergonic reaction. Then a phosphate is removed from phosphoenolpyruvate to produce pyruvate. The phosphate that is removed is transported to ADP to form ATP. In a cell when there is enough ATP feedback inhibition takes place. When the concentration levels are really high, ATP joins to an allosteric site in phosphofructokinase, this then breaks down the third step in glycolysis. When ATP is joined to the allosteric site, a change in structure takes place that forms the enzyme to be inactive. This then stops glucose from breaking down more which then inhibits excessive amounts of ATP. Conclusion During the investment phase of glycolysis two molecules of ATP are taken up, but then in the energy liberation phase four molecules of ATP are produced. This suggests that glycolysis produces a net profit of two ATP’s per glucose. The energy liberation phase can be summarized by the following: 2 G3P + 2 NAD+ + 4 ADP 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 4 ATP.